Crook, Julia A.; et al. (2016): Can increasing albedo of existing ship wakes reduce climate change?
Crook, Julia A.; Jackson, Lawrence S.; Forster, Piers M. (2016): Can increasing albedo of existing ship wakes reduce climate change? In J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., pp. n/a-n/a. DOI 10.1002/2015JD024201.
„One such scheme could be to brighten the surface of the ocean by increasing the albedo and areal extent of bubbles in the wakes of existing shipping. Here we show that ship wake bubble lifetimes would need to be extended from minutes to days, requiring the addition of surfactant, for ship wake area to be increased enough to have a significant forcing.“