Mai et al. (2022): Getting to 100%: Six strategies for the challenging last 10%
Trieu Mai, Paul Denholm, Patrick Brown, Wesley Cole, Elaine Hale, Patrick Lamers, Caitlin Murphy, Mark Ruth, Brian Sergi, Daniel Steinberg, Samuel F. Baldwin IN: Joule, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.08.004
Achieving 100% carbon-free electricity obviates the use of traditional fossil-fuel-based generation technologies, by themselves, to serve the last increment of demand—which the authors refer to as the “last 10%.” Here, the authors survey strategies for overcoming this last 10% challenge, including extending traditional carbon-free energy sources (e.g., wind and solar, other renewable energy, and nuclear), replacing fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels for combustion (e.g., hydrogen- and biomass-based fuels), developing carbon capture and carbon dioxide removal technologies, and deploying multi-day demand-side resources.