Monat: April 2023

Warum wir das CO2 nicht einfach aus der Luft saugen können

von Doktor Whatson auf youtube, 14:38 min

„Kohlendioxid einfach aus der Luft filtern. Das klingt super. Und die Technologien dafür gibt es auch schon! Viele Menschen scheinen zu glauben, das Carbon-Dioxide-Removal allein uns aus der Klimakatastrophe führen kann. Die Schweizer AG Climeworks betreibt die weltweit erste kommerzielle Anlage für Direct Air Capture and Carbon Storage. Die Autoren haben mit dem CTO der Firma über das Potential dieser Technologie gesprochen und seine Aussagen haben sie sehr überrascht.“

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Guest post: How land use drives CO2 emissions around the world

by Clemens Schwingshackl, Wolfgang Obermeier, Julia Pongratz on carbonbrief.org, April 25, 2023

„Around 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic revolution saw many human cultures end their nomadic lifestyles of hunting and gathering to settle and begin farming. This onset of agriculture has seen humans reshape the Earth’s surface – cultivating crops to provide food for people and animals, grazing livestock on pastures and cutting wood to be used as construction material or fuel. What started as a gradual process has grown more intensive over time.“ In this article, the authors discuss how the ups and downs of CO2 emissions and removals from land-use change in six very different parts of the world – Brazil, China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Europe, Indonesia and the US.

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PhD-thesis: Supplying Europe with Hydrogen and Negative Emissions – A Model-Based Assessment

Benjamin Lux (supervisors: Martin Wietschel, Wolf Fichtner), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000157362

This dissertation aims to quantitatively analyze the interactions of hydrogen systems with the conversion sector and the provision of negative emissions via DACCS in the context of a greenhouse gas-neutral European energy system. To address this research topic, the cost minimization model Enertile, which used to focus on the representation of electricity and heat supply, is extended to a multidirectional energy supply model. The core of the methodological development is modeling the interactions of hydrogen and DACCS technologies with future renewable electricity and heat systems. The potentials of hydrogen and DACCS and essential drivers for their use are determined in scenario studies.

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Tao et al. (2023): Enhanced Photosynthetic Efficiency for Increased Carbon Assimilation and Woody Biomass Production in Engineered Hybrid Poplar

Yumin Tao, Li-Wei Chiu, Jacob W. Hoyle, Rebecca A. Dewhirst, Christian Richey, Karli Rasmussen, Jessica Du, Patrick Mellor, Julie Kuiper, Dominick Tucker, Alex Crites, Gary A. Orr, Matthew J. Heckert, Damaris Godinez-Vidal, Martha L. Orozco-Cardenas, Madeline E. Hall IN: Forests 14(4), 827, https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040827

Harnessing the power of synthetic biology to enhance the natural ability of carbon sequestration in plants, especially non-annuals, provides a biological approach to further reduce CO2 levels in the air. Here, the authors selected a photorespiration bypass pathway and tested its effectiveness on photosynthetic enhancement in a hybrid poplar, INRA717-IB4. The design includes an RNAi strategy to reduce the transportation of the photorespiration byproduct, glycolate, out of chloroplast and a shunt pathway to metabolize the retained glycolate back to CO2 for fixation through the Calvin-Benson cycle.

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Liu et al. (2023): A green route for hydrogen production from alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) of biomass with carbon storage

Guojie Liu, Zexue Du, Houfang Lu, Jiangli Zeng, Kejing Wu, Bin Liang IN: Carbon Resources Conversion, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2023.04.001

Hydrogen is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions. To address this issue, sustainable hydrogen production from bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (HyBECCS) is an ideal technology to reduce global carbon emissions while meeting energy demand. This review presents an overview of the latest progress in alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) of biomass for hydrogen production with carbon storage, especially focusing on the technical characteristics and related challenges from an industrial application perspective.

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Feng et al. (2023): Functionalized cross-linking mechanism of biochar “adsorption-reaction microunit” on the promotion of new ammonia-based CO2 capture

Dongdong Feng, Yunzhi Li, Peicheng Yan, Yu Zhang, Chunfei Wu, Yalong Zhang, Jianmin Gao, Shaozeng Sun IN: Separation and Purification Technology 317, 123865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123865

There are limitations faced by traditional capture technology in the absorption rate, ammonia escape and regeneration energy consumption. The functionalized biochar (with a specific surface area of up to 2835.36 m2/g, micropores volume of 77.4 %) was used to enhance the mass transfer process of new ammonia-based (ammonia-ethanol mixed absorbent) CO2 capture by the bubbling absorption experiment system, combined with Monte Carlo simulations, which explored the adsorption and release characteristics of CO2/NH3 molecules in biochar with different pore sizes. The study provides an innovative thought for improving the ammonia-based CO2 capture method and significantly reducing of harmful carbon emissions by biomass energy-carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technology.

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Carbon dioxide removal: the tech that is polarising climate science

by Fiona Harvey on theguardian.com, April 25, 2023

„For some, CDR is crucial to staying below 1.5 C. Others say it should not even be on the table. Why is it so controversial? The debate over whether and how to develop CDR has been ignited by the release last month of the final section of the comprehensive review of climate science by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).“

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Nature – Raymond et al. (2023): Identifying where nature-based solutions can offer win-wins for carbon mitigation and biodiversity across knowledge systems

Christopher M. Raymond, Alex M. Lechner, Minttu Havu, Joel Jalkanen, Jussi Lampinen, Oriol García Antúnez, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Natalie Gulsrud, Antti Kinnunen, Leif Backman, Liisa Kulmala, Leena Järvi IN: npj Urban Sustainability 3, 27 

This paper examines the spatial relationships between biophysical and social values for carbon sequestration potential (measured as carbon dioxide, CO2, flux) and biodiversity in Helsinki, Finland, using integrated valuation. The approach combines methods from carbon sequestration modelling, expert scoring approaches to biodiversity assessment and public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS).

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Nature – Eger et al. (2023): The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests

Aaron M. Eger,  Ezequiel M. Marzinelli,  Rodrigo Beas-Luna,  Caitlin O. Blain,  Laura K. Blamey,  Jarrett E. K. Byrnes,  Paul E. Carnell,  Chang Geun Choi,  Margot Hessing-Lewis,  Kwang Young Kim,  Naoki H. Kumagai,  Julio Lorda,  Pippa Moore,  Yohei Nakamura,  Alejandro Pérez-Matus,  Ondine Pontier,  Dan Smale,  Peter D. Steinberg, Adriana Vergés IN: Nature Communications 14, 1894

The authors present a global estimate of the ecological and economic potential of three key ecosystem services – fisheries production, nutrient cycling, and carbon removal provided by six major forest forming kelp genera (Ecklonia, Laminaria, Lessonia, Macrocystis, Nereocystis, and Saccharina). Each of these genera creates a potential value of between $64,400 and $147,100/hectare each year.

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