Sovacool et al. (2025): Exploring global climate intervention experiments: sociotechnical promises, innovation dynamics, and perceived co-impacts across 20 projects and pilots

Benjamin K. Sovacool, Chad M. Baum, Livia Fritz & Sean Low, IN: Sustainability Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01696-6

Using techniques commonly applied in participatory action research and ethnography, the authors examine 20 specific cases of experimentation for a selection of carbon removal and solar radiation modification interventions. These experiments include engineering-based approaches such as stratospheric aerosol injection, cloud brightening, carbon–neutral cement, biochar, direct air capture, and enhanced rock weathering alongside ecosystems-based approaches such as afforestation, seagrass restoration, and coral reef protection. Based on extensive original research of these 20 experimental projects—including 118 semi-structured research interviews and naturalistic site-based observation—the authors explore four questions. Firstly, what are the actor coalitions surrounding each experiment? Secondly, what promises and expectations do those actors generate? Thirdly, what innovation dynamics and styles are emergent and evident here? Finally, what perceived co-impacts are expected (by actors) to occur with widespread prospective deployment?

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