Kemper et al. (2025): Performance prediction for Stommel’s perpetual salt fountain in the context of artificial ocean upwelling
Jost Kemper, Jan Mense, Jörn Kröger, Thomas Slawig, Kai Graf, Ulf Riebesell, IN: ResearchGate, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14394656
Recently, Stommel Upwelling Pipe (SUP) systems are gaining new interest as possible enabling technology for large-scale implementations of artificial upwelling of nutrient-rich deep ocean water to the ocean surface. This process is currently actively researched as part of several marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approaches. Despite multiple studies conducted over the past decades, no method has yet been proposed to reliably predict performance and thus enable quantification of the potential of Stommel Upwelling Pipe (SUP) systems for artificial upwelling. In the present work, two performance prediction methods for SUP systems are introduced, one method based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and a one-dimensional method based on pipe flow equations.