Meril et al. (2025): Evaluating CO₂ Removal Technologies: A Life Cycle Assessment for Effective Climate Change Mitigation
Divya Meril, Piliyan Raju, Felix Sugantham and Santhanam Perumal, IN: In: Advances in Sustainable Energy and Environmental Systems, Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0409-1_21
Climate change is an urgent global crisis, driven by rising atmospheric CO₂ levels that threaten both ecosystems and human societies. While reducing emissions remains essential, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are increasingly vital for achieving net-zero and net-negative targets, especially in hard-to-abate sectors. This review critically assesses the environmental sustainability of key CDR approaches—Direct Air Capture (DAC), bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation/reforestation, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and soil carbon sequestration—using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework.