Nature – Bossy et al. (2025): Spaces of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions compatible with climate boundaries
Thomas Bossy, Philippe Ciais, Katsumasa Tanaka, Franck Lecocq, Philippe Bousquet and Thomas Gasser, IN: Nature Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02460-5
Climate boundaries are planetary boundaries for the climate system: limits within which humanity can sustainably prosper. Here the authors introduce a modelling framework to analyse global warming, ocean acidification, sea-level rise and Arctic sea-ice melt. Using a reduced-form model, they map out anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management pathways compatible with these boundaries. They define safety levels as the probability to stay within one or several boundaries considering physical uncertainty.