Wang et al. (2025): Advanced technology and applications of small-scale, modular, and distributed biomass direct air capture systems

Rui-Long Wang, Ming-Jia Li and Wen-Quan Tao, IN: Applied Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127242

Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology, particularly utilizing microalgae, has gained significant attention as a promising approach to mitigating atmospheric CO₂ levels. Small-scale, modular, and distributed DAC systems offer notable advantages in scalability and adaptability, enabling flexible deployment across diverse environments while supporting sustainable bio-product generation, making them a vital pathway toward carbon neutrality goals. This review aims to address three fundamental scientific issues: (a) enhancing the efficiency, scalability, and durability of CO₂ capture processes from low-concentration air, (b) optimizing CO₂ fixation methods to overcome challenges such as slow reaction kinetics, high energy demands, and system stability, and (c) achieving efficient integration of capture and fixation processes to ensure energy efficiency and resource sustainability. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of various DAC technologies, evaluating their advantages and limitations to establish a foundation for an in-depth discussion of microalgae-based DAC systems.

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