Altoom (2026): Life cycle and techno-economic assessment of carbon-negative technologies: a comparative study of BECCS, DAC, mineralization, enhanced weathering, and biochar
Naif Ghazi Altoom, IN: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-026-03416-9
This study discusses meeting climate targets that require rapid emission cuts and durable carbon removal. Fragmented boundaries, functional units, data years, and uncertainty treatment make carbon-negative technology assessments hard to compare. This study harmonizes Ecoinvent v3.8, GREET, and peer-reviewed pilot disclosure datasets and standardize costs to 2024 USD and energy mixes for cross-technology comparability. An integrated life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis framework models bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct air capture (DAC), mineralization, enhanced weathering, and biochar pathways, with cradle-to-sequestration or cradle-to-grave boundaries, per ton of CO₂ removed. One-at-a-time sensitivity analysis and 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo quantify uncertainty. Net zero requires sustainable carbon removal and rapid mitigation. This study is the first to compare five carbon-negative technologies (BECCS, DAC, mineralization, enhanced weathering, and biochar) per ton of CO₂ removed using unified boundaries and 2024-aligned datasets. Comparing technologies with quantified uncertainty allows decision-relevant ranking over method-bound results.