Campo et al. (2026): Comparative life cycle assessment of CO₂ removal solutions, including ocean liming, based on different energy sources and carbon storage methods

Francesco Campo, Giovanni Dolci, Mario Grosso, Phil Renforth, Mijndert van der Spek, Spyros Foteinis, Marta Manca Zeichen, Roberto Borghesi and Stefano Caserini, IN: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104742

The deployment of a wide range of carbon dioxide removal approaches is essential to limit global warming to well below 2 °C. Ocean liming (OL) combines CO₂ removal with the co-benefit of ocean acidification mitigation. This study evaluates four configurations of a process for removing atmospheric CO₂ including OL. They combine two energy sources (i.e. woody biomass and renewable electricity) to produce slaked lime, and two methods for the storage of CO₂ generated by the process (i.e. in underground geological formations and as bicarbonates in the sea via pH-equilibrated ocean alkalinization). The environmental impacts of the different configurations are evaluated through the life cycle assessment methodology.

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