Carbondioxid Removal christian

Carbondioxid Removal christian

Peer-reviewed Publications

Neubrand et al. (2025): Activation and Fixation of Atmospheric CO2 through a 1,2,3-Triazole-based Mesoionic Carbene-Borane Adduct

Maren Neubrand, Jessica Stubbe, Richard Rudolf, Robert R. M. Walter, Maite Nößler, Biprajit Sarkar IN: Chemistry A European Journal, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202403942

Capturing atmospheric CO2 and converting it to valuable chemicals are important goals in contemporary science. Here, the authors present a simple, transition metal-free triazolylidene-borane adduct that can capture atmospheric CO2 and convert it to formate. Several key intermediates were isolated and characterized by a combination of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The first closed cycle for the conversion of CO2 to formic acid by using the aforementioned triazolylidene-borane compound is also presented.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Afrane et al. (2025): Targeted carbon dioxide removal measures are essential for the cost and energy transformation of the electricity sector by 2050

Sandylove Afrane, Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Humphrey Adun, Jian Lin Chen, Hongyang Zou, Guozhu Mao, Pingjian Yang IN:Communications Earth & Environment, 6,

Carbon dioxide removal is crucial for moderating the rapid pace of power sector transformation, while electrification can reduce the emission intensity of the carbon removal process. Here, the authors use a multisector model to explore the impact of varying levels of CO2 removal (1 to 10 gigatonnes CO2 per year) on the electricity sector by 2050 under 1.5 °C and 2 °C future warming.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Raven et al. (2025): Big Decisions from Small Experiments: Observational strategies for biomass-based marine carbon storage

Morgan Raven, Natalya Evans, Aaron M Martinez, Alexandra A Phillips IN: Environmental Research Letters, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/adc28d

The authors define five generalizable phases for biomass-based marine carbon storage projects: inputs, placement, short-term response, long-term response, and functional stability. Each phase is associated with observational needs with characteristic spatial and temporal scales that could be met through direct field measurements, investigations of analog sites, experiments, and/or models.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Science – Bar-On et al. (2025): Recent gains in global terrestrial carbon stocks are mostly stored in nonliving pools

Yinon M. Bar-On, Xiaojun Li, Michael O’Sullivan, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Stephen Sitch, Philippe Ciais, Christian Frankenberg, Woodward W. Fischer IN: Science, 387, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk1637

Terrestrial sequestration of carbon has mitigated ≈30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions. However, its distribution across different pools, live or dead biomass and soil and sedimentary organic carbon, remains uncertain. Analyzing global observational datasets of changes in terrestrial carbon pools, the authors found that ≈35 ± 14 gigatons of carbon (GtC) have been sequestered on land between 1992 and 2019, whereas live biomass changed by ≈1 ± 7 GtC. Global vegetation models instead imply that sequestration has been mostly in live biomass. The authors identify key processes not included in most models that can explain this discrepancy.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Prats-Salvado et al. (2025): owering Direct Air Capture: Overview of Existing Concepts and the Overlooked Role of Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies

Enric Prats-Salvado, Nathalie Monnerie, Christian Sattler IN: Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-025-00255-y

This review aims to summarize the different energy sources that have been proposed to power direct air capture (DAC) of CO2, to assess their maturity and to suggest overlooked concepts.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Silverman-Roati et al. (2025): Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters

Korey Silverman-Roati, Martin Lockman, Romany M. Webb IN: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/244

Previous studies have analyzed the potential international and domestic legal framework applicable to marine CDR research and subsequent deployment (if that is ultimately deemed appropriate). However, relatively little research has analyzed the potential for this legal framework to impose liability on marine CDR project proponents (e.g., for environmental harms resulting from their activities). This report begins to fill that gap with regard to projects in U.S. ocean waters by analyzing potential liability for marine CDR project proponents under U.S. federal statute, and federal and state tort law.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Halloran et al. (2025): Seawater carbonate chemistry based carbon dioxide removal: towards commonly agreed principles for carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification

Paul R. Halloran, Thomas G. Bell, William J. Burt, Sophie N. Chu, Sophie Gill, Cameron Henderson, David T. Ho, Vassilis Kitidis, Erika La Plante, Monica Larrazabal, Socratis Loucaides, Christopher R. Pearce, Theresa Redding, Phil Renforth, Fran Taylor, Katherine Toome, Riccardo Torres, Andrew Watson IN: Frontiers in Climate, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1487138

Early-stage techniques exist to utilise the ocean in atmospheric CO2 removal, but typically, the atmospheric CO2 removal these techniques stimulate happens downstream of their activity. Verifying the carbon removal associated with these techniques, while critical when evaluating the approaches and pricing the removal, is challenging. This study briefly reviews the challenges associated with verifying the carbon removal associated with non-biological (abiotic) engineered marine CDR approaches, specifically Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Direct Ocean Carbon Capture and Storage, and presents the findings from a workshop held with interested parties spanning industry to government, focused on their collective requirements for the Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) of carbon removal.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Douglas et al. (2025): Drivers of Regional Variation in the De-Emergence of Climate Change under Negative Emissions

Hunter C. Douglas, Laura E. Revell, Manoj Joshi, Andrew King, Luke J. Harrington, David J. Frame IN: Journal of Climate, 38, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0257.1

A central question of climate change impact assessments is identifying when the signal of change emerges from the noise of natural variability, though to date, this framework has been almost exclusively applied under warming conditions. In this work, the authors investigate the phenomenon of de-emergence, where temperatures rise beyond a given threshold and subsequently drop back below that threshold as forcing reverses. Large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR), also referred to as negative emissions, has been proposed to lower global average temperatures and to mitigate damage to the Earth system, though the regional effects of this have been understudied to date. Here, the authors analyze the results of eight Earth system models (ESMs) that participated in the CDR Model Intercomparison Project (CDRMIP).

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Xu & Reinhard (2025): Evaluating the carbon capture potential of industrial waste as a feedstock for enhanced weathering

Pengxiao Xu, Christopher T Reinhard IN: Envrionmental Research Letters, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc020

One prominent CDR approach is enhanced rock weathering (ERW), in which crushed silicate rock is applied on land or in the open ocean to accelerate natural weathering processes that absorb carbon dioxide from Earth’s ocean-atmosphere system. However, in addition to a range of potential environmental, socioeconomic, and ethical issues associated with this pathway, bottlenecks in feedstock sourcing represent a key barrier for deployment of ERW at scale. Here, the authors evaluate the potential of silicate wastes produced from industrial processes — such as steel slag and cement waste — as feedstocks for the enhanced weathering process. An empirical model that links industrial alkaline waste production to gross domestic product at purchase power parity [GDP(PPP)] is developed to forecast waste production in the alternative futures described by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) framework.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Han et al. (2025): An integrated solution to mitigate climate change through direct air capture and diabatic compressed air energy storage

Yide Han, Yurong Liu, Xin Peng, Bo-Yu Peng, Yuxing Ding, Wenli Du, Weimin Zhong, Feng Qian IN: Energy Conversion and Management, 26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100959

Direct air capture (DAC) is a technology designed to capture CO2 directly from ambient air for carbon removal, while compressed air energy storage (CAES) involves compressing and storing air for later use in energy generation. However, diabatic CAES (D-CAES) systems, despite their commercial deployment, face limitations due to reliance on combustion, contributing to environmental pollution. Liquid-based DAC (L-DAC) systems offer negative emissions but are energy-intensive, often depending on electricity from natural gas plants. This study introduces an integrated system where L-DAC captures CO2 emitted by D-CAES during discharge, using electricity directly supplied by D-CAES, thus addressing energy and environmental concerns.

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