Tag: Carbon Dioxide Removal

Peer-reviewed Publications

Science – Liang et al. (2025): Climate mitigation potential for targeted forestation after considering climate change, fires, and albedo

Shijing Liang, Alan D. Ziegler, Peter B. Reich, Kai Zhu, Dashan Wang, Xin Jiang, Deliang Chen, Philippe Ciais and Zhenzhong Zeng IN: Science Advances, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn7915

The carbon sequestration potential of afforestation and reforestation remains uncertain in satellite-based assessments, particularly when accounting for dynamic climate conditions, vegetation-climate feedback, fire-dominated disturbance, and the trade-offs associated with surface albedo changes. Leveraging a coupled Earth system model, the authors estimated the global forestation mitigation during 2021–2100 under a sustainable shared socioeconomic pathway.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Losi et al. (2025): Who cares about carbon dioxide removal? Assessing actors, policy positions, and participation modes within European and United Nations public consultation processes

Lucilla Losi, Livia Fritz, Benjamin K. Sovacool IN: Climate Policy, DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2025.2485204

CDR has been at the centre of two public consultation processes in 2023, one by the European Union and one by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. These two consultation processes provide an opportunity to have an initial understanding of the types of actors participating in such consultations and their positioning regarding key issues in the governance and deployment of CDR interventions. The study maps the stakeholders participating in these consultations according to their defining characteristics and analyses the content of their submissions to identify the main arguments presented.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Murthy et al. (2025): Regulation of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in Washington State

Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany Webb IN: Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

There is significant interest in pursuing OAE off the coast of Washington state. This paper examines the legal framework for OAE projects in Washington State. As the authors explain, OAE projects conducted in near-shore areas off Washington’s coast may be regulated under various environmental and other laws adopted at the local, tribal, state, and federal levels.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Ferella et al. (2025): Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis: Technical Analysis and Cost Breakdown of a Full-Scale Plant

Francesco Ferella, Allison Suichies, Bassel A. Abdelkader, Nikulkumar Kamleshkumar Dabhi, Jay Werber, Charles-François de Lannoy IN: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

A detailed techno-economic analysis was performed for a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) full-scale plant designed to produce large volumes of dilute alkaline solution for use in ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). The capacity of the BMED stack was designed to process ∼139 000 m3/year of desalination brine, resulting in 47 200 t/year of 2.1 wt % NaOH solution. The OAE plant was modeled using colocation with a desalination plant in southern California. Three scenarios were investigated, each focused on a different valorization of the BMED process byproduct of 46 600 t/year of 1.8 wt % HCl solution: selling dilute HCl without further processing, dilute HCl distilled to 20 wt % using carbon-free (solar) energy, and dilute HCl distilled to 20 wt % using waste heat from a nearby power plant. The levelized cost of CO2 sequestration from the OAE plant, assuming no return on investment, ranged from 848 to 1076 USD/t of CO2, depending on the scenario. Subsequently, a discounted cash flow analysis was conducted to assess the price at which carbon credits would have to be sold as revenue source to make a profit on the plant.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Schippers et al. (2025): Bargaining powers in cooperative Carbon Dioxide Removal deployment

Emma Jagu Schippers, Solène Chiquier, Olivier Massol, David Lowing, Niall Mac Dowell IN: Climate Policy, 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2445167

International cooperation has the potential to significantly reduce the costs of implementing CDR in line with the Paris Agreement. However, the success of interregional cooperation depends on whether a satisfying agreement can be reached. Regional bargaining powers may heavily influence the outcome of such an agreement. This paper uses cooperative game theory to assess bargaining powers in the cooperative deployment of CDR between the United States, the European Union, Brazil, and China. 

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Reginato (2025): Biotechnology in direct air capture, enhanced weathering, and methane removal: emerging opportunities and gaps

Paul L. Reginato IN: Frontiers in Climate 6, 1440833, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1440833

Due to the interdisciplinarity and novelty of greenhouse gas removal (GHGR) technologies, GHGR research faces challenges of adapting technical disciplines to new domains and broadly empowering researchers with the knowledge necessary to identify and solve key problems. This Perspective discusses the significant, but underexplored, role biotechnology could play in several GHGR technologies as well as the common research, community, and knowledge gaps that are limiting progress. The GHGR technologies of focus are (1) the potential for the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to catalyze CO2 exchange in direct air capture; (2) the potential utility of microbes for accelerating soil-based or reactor-based enhanced rock weathering; and (3) the potential for methanotrophic bacteria or methane monooxygenase enzymes to oxidize methane for atmospheric methane removal via enhanced methanotrophy or bioreactors.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Chiquier et al. (2025): Integrated assessment of carbon dioxide removal portfolios: land, energy, and economic trade-offs for climate policy

Solene Chiquier, Angelo Gurgel, Jennifer Morris, Yen-Heng Henry Chen, Sergey Paltsev IN: Environmental Research Letters 20, 024002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada4c0

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is crucial to achieve the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C–2 °C goals. However, climate mitigation scenarios have primarily focused on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation/reforestation, and recently direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). This narrow focus exposes future climate change mitigation strategies to technological, institutional, and ecological pressures by overlooking the variety of existing CDR options, each with distinct characteristics—including, but not limited to, mitigation potential, cost, co-benefits, and adverse side-effects. This study expands the scope by evaluating CDR portfolios, consisting of any single CDR approach—BECCS, afforestation/reforestation, DACCS, biochar, and enhanced weathering—or a combination of them. We analyse the value of deploying these CDR portfolios to meet 1.5 °C goals, as well as their global and regional implications for land, energy, and policy costs. 

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Apergi et al. (2024): Productive in disagreement: stakeholder deliberation insights on carbon dioxide removal in Germany

Maria Apergi, Mary Hellmich, Samuel Eberenz, Matthias Honegger, Sabine Reinecke, Dennis Tänzler IN: Frontiers in Climate 6, 145613, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1465613

Attention to carbon dioxide removal in climate policy is growing, and many CDR methods such as direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) are controversial. As such, broadening knowledge creation to include stakeholder perspectives upstream of policy is important. This exploratory study provides insights into the stakeholder engagement process of a transdisciplinary research project and its findings regarding co-creative CDR policy design and evaluation.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – He et al. (2024): Emerging multiscale insights on microbial carbon use efficiency in the land carbon cycle

Xianjin He, Elsa Abs, Steven D. Allison, Feng Tao, Yuanyuan Huang, Stefano Manzoni, Rose Abramoff, Elisa Bruni, Simon P. K. Bowring, Arjun Chakrawal, 
Philippe Ciais, Lars Elsgaard, Pierre Friedlingstein, Katerina Georgiou, Gustaf Hugelius, Lasse Busk Holm, Wei Li, Yiqi Luo, Gaëlle Marmasse, Naoise Nunan, Chunjing Qiu, Stephen Sitch, Ying-Ping Wang, Daniel S. Goll IN: Nature Communications 15, 8010, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52160-5

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) affects the fate and storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but its global importance remains uncertain. Accurately modeling and predicting CUE on a global scale is challenging due to inconsistencies in measurement techniques and the complex interactions of climatic, edaphic, and biological factors across scales. The link between microbial CUE and soil organic carbon relies on the stabilization of microbial necromass within soil aggregates or its association with minerals, necessitating an integration of microbial and stabilization processes in modeling approaches. In this perspective, the authors propose a comprehensive framework that integrates diverse data sources, ranging from genomic information to traditional soil carbon assessments, to refine carbon cycle models by incorporating variations in CUE, thereby enhancing our understanding of the microbial contribution to carbon cycling.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Victor & Nichols (2024): Impact of carbon dioxide removal technologies on deep decarbonization: EMF37 MARKAL–NETL modeling results

Nadejda Victor, Christopher Nichols IN: Energy and Climate Change 5, 100143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100143

This paper examines the MARKAL-NETL modeling results for the Energy Modeling Forum study on Deep Decarbonization and High Electrification Scenarios for North America (EMF 37) with a specific focus on carbon dioxide removal technologies and opportunities under different scenario guidelines, policies, and technological advancements.

LINK

#