Tag: CDR

Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Luo et al. (2025): Large CO₂ removal potential of woody debris preservation in managed forests

Yiqi Luo, Ning Wei, Xingjie Lu, Yu Zhou, Feng Tao, Quan Quan, Cuijuan Liao, Lifen Jiang, Jianyang Xia, Yuanyuan Huang, Shuli Niu, Xiangtao Xu, Ying Sun, Ning Zeng, Charles Koven, Liqing Peng, Steve Davis, Pete Smith, Fengqi You, Yu Jiang, Lailiang Cheng and Benjamin Houlton, IN: Nature Geoscience, https://doi.com//s41561-025-01731-2

The authors show that preserving woody debris in managed forests can remove gigatonnes of CO₂ from the atmosphere sustainably based on a carbon cycle analysis using three Earth system models. Woody debris is produced from logging, sawmill wastes and abandoned woody products, and can be preserved in deep soil to lengthen its residence time (a measure of durability) by thousands of years.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yang et al. (2025): Seasonally migrating zooplankton strongly enhance Southern Ocean carbon sequestration

Guang Yang, Angus Atkinson, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Katrin Schmidt, Weilei Wang, Jennifer J. Freer and Geraint A. Tarling, IN: Limnology and Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70120

High-latitude zooplankton can sequester millions of tons of carbon due to their seasonal migration from the surface ocean to depth, and their respiration and mortality during overwintering. This seasonal vertical migration pump (SVMP) efficiently removes carbon but not limiting nutrients such as iron from the surface layers. However, this process is not included in Earth System Models and whole Southern Ocean estimates are still lacking. Here, the authors compile large datasets of Southern Ocean zooplankton biomass and physiology to estimate that the SVMP transports 65 Mt carbon annually to sequestration-achieving depths of > 500 m.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Kousoulas et al. (2025): Winners and losers under hydroxide-based ocean alkalinity enhancement in a Tasmanian plankton community

Kiyas Kousoulas, Aaron Ferderer, Ruth Eriksen and Lennart T. Bach, IN: Journal of Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.70052

This study investigated effects of OAE via sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on a coastal Tasmanian plankton community. Natural communities were enclosed within microcosms assigned to three groups: a control, an unequilibrated treatment (NaOH addition), and an equilibrated treatment (NaOH and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) addition). The unequilibrated treatment simulates carbonate chemistry changes before atmospheric CO₂ uptake and the equilibrated treatment the changes thereafter.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Longman et al. (2025): Limited long-term cooling effects of Pangaean flood basalt weathering

Jack Longman, Benjamin J. W. Mills and Andrew S. Merdith, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59480–0

The emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is known to be a driver of climate change in Earth’s past. However, the balance of climate warming through CO₂ emission and cooling through weathering is poorly understood. To better understand the role of LIP emplacement on long-term climate change, here the authors utilize the SCION coupled climate-biogeochemical model which considers the impact of LIPs through degassing of CO₂ and enhancement of local continental weathering rates.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Rufer et al. (2025): Carbonate/Hydroxide Separation Boosts CO₂ Absorption Rate and Electrochemical Release Efficiency

Simon Rufer, Tal Joseph, Zara Aamer, Kripa K. Varanasi, IN: ACS Energy Letters, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00893

Electrochemical CO₂ capture systems using hydroxide solutions face stiff performance trade-offs, as the hydroxide ions necessary for rapid CO₂ absorption reduce the current efficiency of subsequent electrochemical CO₂ release. In this work, the authors propose a carbonate/hydroxide separation step between CO₂ absorption and release to provide a concentrated carbonate stream for efficient electrochemical release and a separate hydroxide stream for rapid absorption. They combine experiments on CO₂ absorption, nanofiltration separation, and electrochemical release to build a comprehensive model that illustrates system performance trade-offs.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Delmelle et al. (2025): Explosive volcanic eruptions can act as carbon sinks

Pierre Delmelle, Sébastien Biass, Mathilde Paque and Benjamin Lobet, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59692-4

Using field measurements, the authors demonstrate that single eruptions can bury substantial amounts of stable organic carbon in soils. They develop a modelling framework and estimate that, in Ecuador alone, at least 1.1 Pg C has been stored in volcanic soils repeatedly affected by tephra deposition during the Holocene. This stock of tephra-buried soil organic carbon exceeds the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the source eruptions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Kong & Li (2025): Spatio-temporal variations in carbon sources, sinks and footprints of cropland ecosystems in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain of China, 2013–2022

Jing Kong and Yisong Li, IN: Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98457-3

The development of green agriculture in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain is of vital importance. Nevertheless, there is a lack of attention to the dynamics of the carbon footprints of cropland. Hence, this study was conducted with the help of carbon emission coefficient method. It investigated the spatio-temporal variations of carbon sources, sinks and carbon footprints of cropland ecosystems in this plain from 2013 to 2022.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Ward et al. (2025): Techno-economic analysis of ocean iron fertilization

Callum Ward, Reinaldo Juan Lee Pereira, Spyros Foteinis and Phil Renforth IN: Frontiers in Climate, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1509367

This study provides an updated comprehensive framework for conducting techno-economic assessment (TEA) on novel carbon dioxide removal approaches. Specifically, the framework is applied to an ocean iron fertilization (OIF) deployment scenario in the Southern Ocean. The study investigates whether cost elements such as administrative and support labor are accurately included in standard methodologies and proposes solutions on how to characterize prospective cost elements and uncertainty in novel CDR TEA’s.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Felix Dörpmund (2025): Motivations and challenges for carbon dioxide removal development: empirical evidence from market practitioners

Felix Dörpmund IN: Environmental Research Letters, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/adcad4

The study explores the role of private companies in shaping the early CDR innovation ecosystem by conducting 79 interviews with senior practitioners (suppliers, purchasers / marketplaces, investors) actively involved in CDR markets. Examining their motivations, the author finds themes that range from personal upbringing and caring for the following generations, to being catalytic in the creation of a new industry. All motivations are grounded in the recognition of CDR as an important component of global climate change mitigation. Identified challenges stretch across the categories of technology, organizations, policy and regulation, ecosystem, finances, and the public eye. This presents a complex picture, as all actors seek to solve a multi-faceted, concurrent coordination and scaling problem while dealing with a challenging set of uncertainties.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Chela & Selosse (2025): The co-benefits of integrating carbon dioxide removal in the energy system: A review from the prism of natural climate solutions

Sophie Chlela, Sandrine Selosse IN: Science of The Total Environment, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179271

Climate change mitigation necessitates rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the removal of residual atmospheric CO2. However, among the solutions, Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) methods—especially Natural Climate Solutions (NCS)—are gaining attention. In this review, the authors explore how the energy system, a major contributor to climate change, can integrate these solutions. Thus, they present different Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) highlighting the role of Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) while determining their link to the energy system using biomass as renewable energy source through Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage.

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