Schlagwort: Carbon Dioxide Removal

Peer-reviewed Publications

He et al. (2026): Temporary carbon dioxide removal to offset short-lived climate forcers

Yue He, Keywan Riahi, Matthew J. Gidden, Shilong Piao, Tao Wang and Thomas Gasser, IN: Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10607-3

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered for achieving the long-term temperature objectives of the Paris Agreement and national net-zero emission targets1,2,3,4,5. The durability of these CDR methods varies widely, ranging from decades to theoretically permanent6. Temporary CDR dominates present deployment, whereas permanent solutions face further feasibility and cost challenges at scale1. However, efforts to integrate temporary CDR into climate policies have relied on equivalency assumptions between temporary and permanent CDR that contradict physical climate science: temporary CDR cannot fully offset CO₂ emissions as permanent CDR can6,7.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

van Bruggen et al. (2026): Vacuuming the Sky? Metaphorical Framing in News Coverage of Carbon Dioxide Removal Methods

Femke van Bruggen, W. Gudrun Reijnierse, Tim Groot Kormelink, Elliott Hoey and Hedwig te Molder, IN: Environmental Communication, https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2026.2673348

Discussions of proposed climate solutions, such as carbon dioxide removal (CDR), are multi-layered and contested. This study examines the role that metaphors play as frame devices in news coverage (2018–2024) about CDR. Using critical metaphor analysis, the authors examined 257 articles from major UK, US, and Canadian news outlets to identify and interpret contrasting metaphorical expressions from journalists and their sources, including industry, science, and civil society. The authors find that a wide range of source domains, including references to, e.g. historical events, household objects, crime, religion, and medical analogies, is used to metaphorically frame CDR. These metaphors reflect actors’ competing ideologies and interests, rooted in hopeful rational-optimist and socio-ecological visions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Luczak (2026): Concerns and Questions About Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies

Joshua Luczak, IN: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70063

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are increasingly positioned as essential tools for meeting global climate targets, yet their development and potential deployment raise a complex set of technical, moral, social, and political concerns and questions. These issues are often discussed in isolation, with technical and scientific debates proceeding independently of moral and sociopolitical scrutiny, and vice versa. This article offers an integrated review of CDR that brings these distinct concerns and questions together in one place. It notes scientific and technical challenges alongside moral, social, and political ones. By placing these issues together, the article provides a more complete picture for evaluating CDR research, development, and deployment.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Neumann (2026): How carbon dioxide removal lost its way: tracing the origin and transformation of the 10-Gt durable CDR target

Rebecca B Neumann, IN: CDRXIV, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20275831

Durably removing ~10 Gt CO₂ yr⁻¹ by 2050 is widely treated as necessary to meet Paris temperature goals. Tracing CDR magnitude claims across ~50 sources spanning five sectors, I found this benchmark derives from IPCC scenario ensembles in which CDR magnitude correlated with near-term mitigation ambition rather than temperature targets. When targets relaxed, scenarios continued emitting rather than reducing CDR. While both IPCC ensembles and independent studies included scenarios with substantially less CDR, these pathways received little downstream attention. Instead, a single number above the IPCC ensemble median was extracted and, as it propagated into NGO and industry contexts, stripped of its conditionality. Framing became prescriptive, risk discussion diminished, and CDR type narrowed to exclude approaches the scenarios themselves relied upon.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Price (2026): Losing out in Land-Based Greenhouse Gas Removal – A critical justice perspective on biochar

Catherine Price, IN: Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal, https://doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v13i2.1892

Biochar is an emergent technology that is currently being investigated for its greenhouse gas removal potential at scale. This provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the potential injustices that may arise with biochar production and deployment so that these can be addressed. The author draws from original data collected in 2022-consisting of 37 semi-structured interviews with mostly UK-based stakeholders who have an interest or potential interest in biochar-supplemented with a document analysis. The paper uses the ‘multioptic vision’ model of who, what, and how to explore the potential injustices of biochar production and deployment.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Duret et al. (2026): Slaking quicklime with seawater for open-ocean alkalinity enhancement: Technical feasibility and cost implications

Manon Tiphaine Duret, Connor Clark and Kenton Heidel, IN: Frontiers in Climate, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1824086

Scalable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) solutions, such as ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), are necessary to mitigate climate change. One OAE approach is open-ocean liming, consisting in distributing hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂) to increase seawater alkalinity and thereby long-term carbon storage in the ocean. Large-scale deployment would require transporting and distributing substantial quantities of Ca(OH)₂, making logistics a non-negligible component of total implementation costs. Most OAE studies to date assume the transport of Ca(OH)₂ rather than quicklime (CaO). However, CaO is denser, contains ~20% more alkalinity per unit mass, and has superior bulk handling properties compared to Ca(OH)₂. If technically feasible, transporting CaO and slaking it onboard using seawater could therefore reduce logistics costs. Here, the authors experimentally assess the feasibility of slaking CaO with artificial seawater. Slaking efficiencies and kinetics were comparable between seawater and deionized water, with CaO reactivity explaining more variance than solution composition. Seawater slaking produced secondary minerals, including likely brucite (~5 wt% of slurry) and gypsum (~0.3 wt%), but their formation is unlikely to reduce OAE efficiency under recommended alkalinity distribution practices. The authors also developed a simple transport cost model to compare land-slaked Ca(OH)₂ transport vs. transport and onboard slaking of CaO.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Agarwal et al. (2026): Direct Air Capture (DAC) Technologies and Subsurface Integration: A Comprehensive Technical Review

Akshit Agarwal, Yousef Al-Enizi and Cenk Temizel, IN: Offshore Technology Conference, https://doi.org/10.2118/232545-MS

Direct air capture (DAC) is one of the most promising negative emissions technologies (NETs), and is considered a key enabler to meet global climate mitigation goals and facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the present state-of-the-art concerning DAC technologies, sorbent materials, energy systems, and subsurface storage techniques for long-term CO₂ sequestration. The DAC technologies can be classified into two main types, namely solid-sorbent based DAC and liquid- solvent based DAC systems. These two DAC technologies are compared and evaluated based on their technical features and performance parameters, and the challenges that arise during the application of these technologies are discussed. Additionally, this review focuses on the subsurface storage of captured CO₂ in deep saline aquifers, analyzing the processes of CO₂ transport and trapping, and discussing monitoring strategies and technologies. Energy consumption is considered the major cost factor of DAC technologies; therefore, this review examines possible ways to improve energy efficiency and integrate renewable energy sources.Furthermore, techno-economic evaluations show that capture costs of DAC technologies range from $200 to $600/ton CO₂, but costs may decrease by a factor of less than three due to the development and scale-up of new technologies. As part of practical applications, synergies between DAC technologies and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in oil fields and the reuse of abandoned oil and gas reservoirs will be examined.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Grosselindemann et al. (2026): The efficiency and ocean acidification mitigation potential of ocean alkalinity enhancement on multi-centennial timescales

Hendrik Grosselindemann, Friedrich A. Burger, and Thomas L. Frölicher, IN: Biogeosciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3299-2026

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies such as ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) are likely required in addition to rapid emissions reductions to limit global warming to well below 2 °C. However, the long-term efficiency of OAE and its potential to mitigate climate change and ocean acidification remain uncertain. Here, the authors investigate efficiencies, climate and ocean acidification responses of idealized OAE using a fully coupled, emission-driven Earth system model across three global warming stabilization scenarios (1.5, 2, and 3 °C) spanning 1861–2500. OAE is implemented as a continuous global surface alkalinity addition of 0.14 Pmol yr−1 following the CDRMIP protocol from 2026 onward.

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Gately et al. (2026): Abrupt alkalinization alters microbial diversity and promotes the proliferation of marine parasites in coastal microcosm experiments

James A Gately, Sylvia M Kim, Zoe S Welch, Joaquín Martínez Martínez, Dylan Catlett, Benjamin Jin, Madeline Manzagol, Angela Larson, Mark A Brzezinski and Maria D Iglesias-Rodriguez, IN: ICES Journal of Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag063

Mitigation of anthropogenic climate interference will likely require the removal of legacy atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an abiotic marine carbon dioxide removal approach that accelerates the natural Earth process of rock weathering, but its effects on marine ecosystems remain uncertain. Here, the authors used outdoor microcosm experiments to investigate the effects of abrupt limestone-inspired and NaOH alkalinity additions of ∼750 μmol kg⁻¹, reflecting model-predicted OAE scenarios that produce severe localized impacts (e.g. large variations in pH and Ω).

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Hughes et al. (2026): Sustained Neutralization of the Warming Response to Emissions through a Portfolio of GHG Mitigation Strategies – Preprint

Ella Hughes, Zeke Hausfather, Randall Spock and Christopher Van Arsdale, IN: CDRxiv, https://doi.org/10.70212/cdrxiv.2026521.v1

Both emissions abatement and carbon dioxide removal will play a critical role in achieving a global net-zero scenario under which temperatures are stabilized. In the near term, organizations pursuing their own net-zero targets may use superpollutant emission abatement and both shorter- and longer-durability carbon dioxide removal to compensate for their remaining emissions. Because these mitigation strategies have climate impacts across distinct timescales, they can serve as powerful and complementary tools to address both the acute near-term and long-term equilibrium warming response to emissions. However, the distinct timescales of these impacts mean that, if accounting approaches are to ensure emissions remain compensated across all time horizons, they must explicitly evaluate the impact of each mitigation strategy as a function of time. The authors propose one such accounting approach, based on sustained warming neutralization.

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