Schlagwort: CDR

Peer-reviewed Publications

Stuart-Smith et al. (2025): Implications of states’ dependence on carbon dioxide removal for achieving the Paris temperature goal

Rupert F. Stuart-Smith, Ewan White, Ruben Prütz, Joeri Rogelj, Thom Wetzer, Marianne Wood & Lavanya Rajamani, IN: Climate Policy, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2528775

Pathways consistent with the Paris long-term temperature goal span a wide range of emission reductions in coming years: the IPCC indicates 34–60% cuts in GHG emissions between 2019 and 2030. This range is a major source of policy uncertainty. A key determinant of the rate at which emissions must be reduced this decade is the extent to which CO₂ removal (CDR) is relied on later to withdraw emissions from the atmosphere. Here, the authors evaluate the dependence on CDR of 71 states, primarily in their near and long-term climate strategies submitted to the UNFCCC by May 2024, and the associated risks.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Sartzetakis et al. (2025): Temporal trade-offs in climate benefits from carbon dioxide removal—insights from wetland restoration and assessment metrics

Stavroula S. Sartzetakis, Tianyi Sun, Yangyang Xu, Emily A. Ury, Ilissa B. Ocko and Brian Buma, IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeb9d

CDR measures may unintentionally increase emissions of other climate forcers. If emissions of potent short-lived climate forcers (like methane) are increased, the CDR mechanism could potentially worsen climate change in the near-term despite benefiting the climate in the long-term. This temporal trade-off can be easily overlooked when employing the standard climate metric used for assessments—carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) using a 100 year global warming potential (GWP)—because it solely conveys the long-term warming impacts of a pulse of emissions. A more sophisticated assessment method is needed to reveal potential temporal trade-offs in climate benefits—important information for effective decision making. In this study, the authors compare three climate impact assessment approaches of increasing complexity to evaluate temporal trade-offs in climate benefits from CDR strategies: (1) the standard CO₂e using GWP approach with both 20 and 100 year time horizons (GWP20 and GWP100, respectively, or dual-valued CO₂e); (2) a variation of GWP that considers the climate impact of continuous emissions over time (known as technology warming potential (TWP)); and (3) reduced complexity climate models. They use wetland restoration as a case study because studies have shown that it may remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while also increasing methane emissions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Lin et al. (2025): Interactive effects of warming and drought on soil organic carbon sequestration and methane uptake in straw and biochar amended soils: Mechanisms and global implications

Jitong Lin, Guopeng Liang, Marcela Hernández, Zhiyu Xu, Yinghao Xue, Renhua Sun, Yuanfeng Sun, Lulu Dai, Yanhong Lou, Haojie Feng, Hui Wang, Quangang Yang, Hongjie Di, Hong Pan, Yuping Zhuge, IN: Chemical Engineering Journal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.164817

The interactive effects of warming and drought on soil carbon-methane feedback in straw- versus biochar-amended agricultural systems need more comprehensive quantification, despite their critical implications for climate-smart soil management. By integrating controlled incubation experiments with a global meta-analysis (105 observations), the authors revealed that drought suppressed CH₄ uptake by 58.9% in carbon-amended soils through synergistic depletion of methanotrophic functional capacity (pmoA gene abundance) and microbial biomass carbon, while attenuating thermal sensitivity of methane uptake.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Luo et al. (2025): Large CO₂ removal potential of woody debris preservation in managed forests

Yiqi Luo, Ning Wei, Xingjie Lu, Yu Zhou, Feng Tao, Quan Quan, Cuijuan Liao, Lifen Jiang, Jianyang Xia, Yuanyuan Huang, Shuli Niu, Xiangtao Xu, Ying Sun, Ning Zeng, Charles Koven, Liqing Peng, Steve Davis, Pete Smith, Fengqi You, Yu Jiang, Lailiang Cheng and Benjamin Houlton, IN: Nature Geoscience, https://doi.com//s41561-025-01731-2

The authors show that preserving woody debris in managed forests can remove gigatonnes of CO₂ from the atmosphere sustainably based on a carbon cycle analysis using three Earth system models. Woody debris is produced from logging, sawmill wastes and abandoned woody products, and can be preserved in deep soil to lengthen its residence time (a measure of durability) by thousands of years.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yang et al. (2025): Seasonally migrating zooplankton strongly enhance Southern Ocean carbon sequestration

Guang Yang, Angus Atkinson, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Katrin Schmidt, Weilei Wang, Jennifer J. Freer and Geraint A. Tarling, IN: Limnology and Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70120

High-latitude zooplankton can sequester millions of tons of carbon due to their seasonal migration from the surface ocean to depth, and their respiration and mortality during overwintering. This seasonal vertical migration pump (SVMP) efficiently removes carbon but not limiting nutrients such as iron from the surface layers. However, this process is not included in Earth System Models and whole Southern Ocean estimates are still lacking. Here, the authors compile large datasets of Southern Ocean zooplankton biomass and physiology to estimate that the SVMP transports 65 Mt carbon annually to sequestration-achieving depths of > 500 m.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Kousoulas et al. (2025): Winners and losers under hydroxide-based ocean alkalinity enhancement in a Tasmanian plankton community

Kiyas Kousoulas, Aaron Ferderer, Ruth Eriksen and Lennart T. Bach, IN: Journal of Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.70052

This study investigated effects of OAE via sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on a coastal Tasmanian plankton community. Natural communities were enclosed within microcosms assigned to three groups: a control, an unequilibrated treatment (NaOH addition), and an equilibrated treatment (NaOH and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) addition). The unequilibrated treatment simulates carbonate chemistry changes before atmospheric CO₂ uptake and the equilibrated treatment the changes thereafter.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Longman et al. (2025): Limited long-term cooling effects of Pangaean flood basalt weathering

Jack Longman, Benjamin J. W. Mills and Andrew S. Merdith, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59480–0

The emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is known to be a driver of climate change in Earth’s past. However, the balance of climate warming through CO₂ emission and cooling through weathering is poorly understood. To better understand the role of LIP emplacement on long-term climate change, here the authors utilize the SCION coupled climate-biogeochemical model which considers the impact of LIPs through degassing of CO₂ and enhancement of local continental weathering rates.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Rufer et al. (2025): Carbonate/Hydroxide Separation Boosts CO₂ Absorption Rate and Electrochemical Release Efficiency

Simon Rufer, Tal Joseph, Zara Aamer, Kripa K. Varanasi, IN: ACS Energy Letters, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00893

Electrochemical CO₂ capture systems using hydroxide solutions face stiff performance trade-offs, as the hydroxide ions necessary for rapid CO₂ absorption reduce the current efficiency of subsequent electrochemical CO₂ release. In this work, the authors propose a carbonate/hydroxide separation step between CO₂ absorption and release to provide a concentrated carbonate stream for efficient electrochemical release and a separate hydroxide stream for rapid absorption. They combine experiments on CO₂ absorption, nanofiltration separation, and electrochemical release to build a comprehensive model that illustrates system performance trade-offs.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Delmelle et al. (2025): Explosive volcanic eruptions can act as carbon sinks

Pierre Delmelle, Sébastien Biass, Mathilde Paque and Benjamin Lobet, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59692-4

Using field measurements, the authors demonstrate that single eruptions can bury substantial amounts of stable organic carbon in soils. They develop a modelling framework and estimate that, in Ecuador alone, at least 1.1 Pg C has been stored in volcanic soils repeatedly affected by tephra deposition during the Holocene. This stock of tephra-buried soil organic carbon exceeds the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the source eruptions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Kong & Li (2025): Spatio-temporal variations in carbon sources, sinks and footprints of cropland ecosystems in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain of China, 2013–2022

Jing Kong and Yisong Li, IN: Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98457-3

The development of green agriculture in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain is of vital importance. Nevertheless, there is a lack of attention to the dynamics of the carbon footprints of cropland. Hence, this study was conducted with the help of carbon emission coefficient method. It investigated the spatio-temporal variations of carbon sources, sinks and carbon footprints of cropland ecosystems in this plain from 2013 to 2022.

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