Schlagwort: CDR

Peer-reviewed Publications

Möllersten et al. (2024): Demystifying carbon removals in the context of offsetting for sub-global net-zero targets

Kenneth Möllersten, Malin Dufour, Hanna-Mari Ahonen, Randall Spalding-Fecher IN: Carbon Management, https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2024.2390840

Assertions that the use of emission reduction credits (ERCs) is insufficient in the context of offsetting emissions for such claims at sub-global scales are gaining acceptance. Conversely, the authors show that regardless of whether offsetting is based on the use of ERCs or carbon removal credits (CRCs), the impact on the net transfer of GHG to the atmosphere is the same. Therefore, both ERCs and CRCs are adequate for offsetting with the purpose of achieving net-zero emissions or carbon neutrality.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Li et al. (2024): Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Energy System Optimization

Guanglei Li, Tengqi Luo, Ran Liu, Chenchen Song, Congyu Zhao,Shouyuan Wu, Zhengguang Liu IN: Processes, 12(2), https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12020402

This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of research in this field and aims to highlight its potential implications with a clear focus on the integration of AI and CDR. Specifically, this paper outlines four main approaches for integrating AI and CDR: accurate carbon emissions assessment, optimized energy system configuration, real-time monitoring and scheduling of CDR facilities, and mutual benefits with mechanisms. By leveraging AI, researchers can demonstrate the positive impact of AI and CDR integration on the environment, economy, and energy efficiency. This paper also offers insights into future research directions and areas of focus to improve efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and enhance economic viability in the integration of AI and CDR technology.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Presty et al. (2024): Mapping the landscape of carbon dioxide removal research: a bibliometric analysis

Romain Presty, Olivier Massol, Emma Jagu, Pascal da Costa IN: Environmental Research Letters, 19, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/ad71e0

This study conducts an updated analysis of the international research effort on CDR from 2012 to 2023, examining 7893 publications using bibliometric techniques. The authors focus on the geographic distribution of technology-specific research and the funding driving this research. Significant publication growth is observed post-2015, particularly after 2018 and in 2023, driven primarily by the EU, China, and the US. Notably, biochar, afforestation/reforestation, and soil carbon sequestration are among the most researched CDR options, with direct air carbon capture and storage, bioenergy carbon capture and storage, and blue carbon also receiving substantial attention, especially in 2023. 

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Ampah et al. (2024): Carbon dioxide removal and net zero emissions in Africa: An integrated assessment modelling based on three different land-based negative emission solutions

Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Sandylove Afrane, Humphrey Hugh Adun, Michael Dioha, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Abdulfatah Abdu Abdu Yusuf, Mudassar Naseer Olusola Bamisile IN: Environmental Research Letters, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5dcf

There is limited understanding of the trade-offs and synergies associated with carbon removal within Africa’s energy-land-water system. To address this research gap, the authors model a stylized net-zero emissions (NZE) in Africa by 2050, with focus on three land-based biological carbon removal approaches: afforestation/reforestation (AR), bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and biochar. 

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Valone (2024): Gigatonne Carbon Dioxide Removal: Reversing Global Heating Trends

Thomas F. Valone IN: Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science, 3, https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v3/460

The present study highlights about implementation of gigatonne carbon dioxide removal technologies. The inextricably tight connection between global CO2 values and global temperature, delineated and publicized by James Hansen and others, will finally create an urgency in the minds and hearts of all people so that global atmospheric carbon capture by the gigaton can begin in earnest and in parallel with carbon-free fuels, zero carbon emissions, renewable energy, and even negative carbon emissions, implemented worldwide.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Hardisty & Workman (2024): A Collective Intelligence assembly approach to informing responsive net zero policy design: A greenhouse gas removal UK case study

Anna Hardisty, Mark Workman IN: Collective Intelligence, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/263391372412540

A case study was carried out on the application of the collective intelligence (CI) model to the UK GGR sector and the need to scale up and accelerate development in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way. Through systems mapping, thematic analysis, workshops and semi-structured interviews, a rich dataset was formed on the existing level of and potential for CI within the UK GGR ecosystem.

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Reports

Europe and Germany’s Role in Catalyzing aTrillion-Euro Industry

Patrick Herhold, Johanna Pütz, Karan Mistry, Robin Bierganz, Phillip Spiekermann, Louisa Maier, German Association for Negative Emissions (DVNE) & Boston Consulting Group (BCG), June 2024

This report has three objectives:

  • The primary objective is to explore and demonstrate the economic potential of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), specifically for Europe and Germany.
  • Additionally, the report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the quickly evolving CDR landscape while distinguishing CDR from other related concepts.
  • Lastly, the report emphasizes the need for swift and decisive action by providing a specific, stakeholder-oriented action plan to realize the economic potential outlined.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Yang et al. (2024): Fast reduction of Atlantic SST threatens Europe-wide gross primary productivity under positive and negative CO2 emissions

Young-Min Yang, Jongsoo Shin, So-Won Park, Jae-Heung Park, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Sang-Wook Yeh, June-Yi Lee, Bin Wang, Tim Li, Nari Im IN: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00674-6

In this study, the authors utilized large ensemble simulations with an Earth system model of full complexity to investigate the response of Gross Primary Production (GPP) to CO2 forcings. The findings reveal a significant asymmetry in the GPP response to CO2 ramp-up and symmetric ramp-down model experiments, especially in Europe, suggesting that GPP declines rapidly as CO2 levels decrease. Remarkably, during the CO2 removal period, the North Atlantic Sea surface temperature experienced cooling due to a delayed recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This cooling led to precipitation and soil moisture deficits, resulting in a rapid reduction in GPP. This asymmetry in GPP response holds consistent across multi-model simulations.

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Reports

The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal: A global independent scientific assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2nd edition

Stephen M. Smith, Oliver Geden, Matthew J. Gidden, William F. Lamb, Gregory F. Nemet, Jan C. Minx, Holly Buck, Josh Burkev, Emily Cox, Morgan R. Edwards, Sabine Fuss, Injy Johnstone, Finn Müller-Hansen, Julia Pongratz, Benedict S. Probst, Stephanie Roe, Felix Schenuit, Ingrid Schulte, Naomi E. Vaughan, University of Oxford’s Smith School of Enterprise, June 4, 2024

Although the Paris Agreement states that climate change mitigation must be done “in the context of sustainable development”, most scenarios do not explicitly consider social and environmental sustainability. The authors therefore identified a subset of scenarios that can be considered “more sustainable”. Across this group of scenarios, the central range of CDR deployment is 7 to 9 GtCO2 per year in 2050. The lowest scenarios reach 4 GtCO2 per year in 2050. While this range is similar in 2050 to that for all below 2°C scenarios, the more sustainable scenarios cumulatively remove 170 GtCO2 between 2020 and the time of net zero CO2, compared with 260 GtCO2 cumulatively in all below 2°C scenarios.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Sugiyama et al. (2024): Residual emissions and carbon removal towards Japan’s net-zero goal: a multi-model analysis

Masahiro Sugiyama, Shinichiro Fujimori, Kenichi Wada, Etsushi Kato, Yuhji Matsuo, Osamu Nishiura, Ken Oshiro Takashi Otsuki IN: Environmental Research Communications, 6, 5, DOI 10.1088/2515-7620/ad4af2

The authors study Japan’s net-zero emissions target by 2050 in a multi-model framework, focusing on residual emissions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Four energy-economic and integrated assessment models show similar but stronger strategies for the net-zero target, compared to the previous, low-carbon policy target (80% emissions reduction).

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