Schlagwort: particle injection

Peer-reviewed Publications

MacMartin, Douglas G.; Kravitz, Ben (2016): Dynamic climate emulators for solar geoengineering

MacMartin, Douglas G.; Kravitz, Ben (2016): Dynamic climate emulators for solar geoengineering. In: Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16 (24), S. 15789–15799. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-15789-2016.

„Climate emulators trained on existing simulations can be used to project project the climate effects that result from different possible future pathways of anthropogenic forcing, without further relying on general circulation model (GCM) simulations. We extend this idea to include different amounts of solar geoengineering in addition to different pathways of greenhouse gas concentrations, by training emulators from a multi-model ensemble of simulations from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP).„

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Lo, Y. T. Eunice; et al. (2016): Detecting sulphate aerosol geoengineering with different methods

Lo, Y. T. Eunice; Charlton-Perez, Andrew J.; Lott, Fraser C.; Highwood, Eleanor J. (2016): Detecting sulphate aerosol geoengineering with different methods. In: Scientific reports 6, S. 39169. DOI: 10.1038/srep39169.

„Sulphate aerosol injection has been widely discussed as a possible way to engineer future climate. Monitoring it would require detecting its effects amidst internal variability and in the presence of other external forcings. We investigate how the use of different detection methods and filtering techniques affects the detectability of sulphate aerosol geoengineering in annual-mean global-mean near-surface air temperature. This is done by assuming a future scenario that injects 5 Tg yr−1 of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere and cross-comparing simulations from 5 climate models.“

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Keith, David W.; et al. (2016): Stratospheric solar geoengineering without ozone loss

Keith, David W.; Weisenstein, Debra K.; Dykema, John A.; Keutsch, Frank N. (2016): Stratospheric solar geoengineering without ozone loss. In Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, p. 201615572–201615572. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1615572113.

„The combination of emissions cuts and solar geoengineering could reduce climate risks in ways that cannot be achieved by emissions cuts alone: It could keep Earth under the 1.5-degree mark agreed at Paris, and it might stop sea level rise this century. However, this promise comes with many risks. Injection of sulfuric acid into the stratosphere, for example, would damage the ozone layer. Injection of calcite (or limestone) particles rather than sulfuric acid could counter ozone loss by neutralizing acids resulting from anthropogenic emissions, acids that contribute to the chemical cycles that destroy stratospheric ozone. Calcite aerosol geoengineering may cool the planet while simultaneously repairing the ozone layer.“

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Irvine, Peter J.; et al. (2016): Towards a comprehensive climate impacts assessment of solar geoengineering

Irvine, Peter J.; Kravitz, Ben; Lawrence, Mark G.; Gerten, Dieter; Caminade, Cyril; Gosling, Simon N. et al. (2016): Towards a comprehensive climate impacts assessment of solar geoengineering. In Earth’s Future. DOI 10.1002/2016EF000389.

„We suggest that a thorough assessment of the climate impacts of a range of scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment is needed and can build upon existing frameworks. However, solar geoengineering poses a novel challenge for climate impacts research as the manner of deployment could be tailored to pursue different objectives making possible a wide range of climate outcomes. We present a number of ideas for approaches to extend the survey of climate impacts beyond standard scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment to address this challenge.“

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Robock, Alan (2016): Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections. More Research Needed

Robock, Alan (2016): Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections. More Research Needed. In Earth’s Future. DOI 10.1002/2016EF000407.

„More research is needed to better quantify the potential benefits and risks so that if society is tempted to implement geoengineering in the future it will be able to make an informed decision.“

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Visioni, Daniele; et al. (2016): Sulfate geoengineering. A review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide

Visioni, Daniele; Pitari, Giovanni; Aquila, Valentina (2016): Sulfate geoengineering. A review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide. In Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., pp. 1–15. DOI 10.5194/acp-2016-985 .

„Sulfate geoengineering has been proposed as an affordable and climate-effective means for temporarily offset the warming produced by the increase of well mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHG). This climate engineering technique has been planned for a timeframe of a few decades needed to implement global inter-governmental measures needed to achieve stabilization of the atmospheric content of WMGHGs (CO2 in particular). The direct radiative effects of sulfur injection in the tropical lower stratosphere can be summarized as increasing shortwave scattering with consequent tropospheric cooling and increasing long- wave absorption with stratospheric warming.„

Link

#
Media

TU Delft: TU Delft students design new aircraft for last resort option of geoengineering

„Students of the TU Delft (faculty of Aerospace Engineering) have produced a research report* to describe the preliminary technical and operational design of a fleet of purpose-built Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Aircraft (SAGA) to deliver five megatons of aerosol per year to altitudes between 18.5 and 19.5 km to gain insight in the cost and impact of such a system.“

Link

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Yang, Huiyi; et al. (2016): Potential negative consequences of geoengineering on crop production. A study of Indian groundnut

Yang, Huiyi; Dobbie, Steven; Ramirez-Villegas, Julian; Feng, Kuishuang; Challinor, Andrew J.; Chen, Bing et al. (2016): Potential negative consequences of geoengineering on crop production. A study of Indian groundnut. In Geophys. Res. Lett. DOI 10.1002/2016GL071209.

„A few case studies suggest that certain crops are likely to benefit from solar dimming geoengineering, yet we show geoengineering is projected to have detrimental effects for groundnut. Using an ensemble of crop-climate model simulations, we illustrate that groundnut yields in India undergo a statistically significant decrease of up to 20 % as a result of solar dimming geoengineering relative to RCP4.5.“

Link

#