Schlagwort: soil carbon sequestration

Peer-reviewed Publications

Zhang et al. (2023): Biochar Aged for Five Years Altered Carbon Fractions and Enzyme Activities of Sandy Soil

Yuxin Zhang, Wenqi Ma, Xia Sun, Jingbailun Jiang, Dianpeng Li, Guangmu Tang, Wanli Xu, Hongtao Jia IN: Land 12(8), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081645

The effect of biochar aged for 5 years on the different carbon fractions and enzyme activities as well as its changes, is not well understood in the cropland sandy soil of northern China. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in 2014 with biochar applied once at 0, 5.25, 10.50, 21.00 and 42.00 g·kg−1. The authors evaluated the influence of biochar addition to the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), labile carbon pools (readily oxidized carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon) and enzyme activities (invertase, urease, and catalase).

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Baek et al. (2023): Impact of Climate on the Global Capacity for Enhanced Rock Weathering on Croplands

Seung H. Baek, Yoshiki Kanzaki, Juan M. Lora, Noah Planavsky, Christopher T. Reinhard, Shuang Zhang IN: Earth’s Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003698

Estimated total carbon sequestration potential from ERW on croplands and its potential sensitivity to climate conditions requires further understanding. Here we combine 1-D reactive transport modeling with climate model experiments to simulate ERW on ∼1,000 agricultural sites globally.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Zhou et al. (2023): Soil carbon in tropical savannas mostly derived from grasses

Yong Zhou, Barbara Bomfim, William J. Bond, Thomas W. Boutton, Madelon F. Case, Corli Coetsee, Andrew B. Davies, Edmund C. February, Emma F. Gray, Lucas C. R. Silva, Jamie L. Wright, A. Carla Staver IN: Nature Geoscience, 16, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01232-0

Tropical savannas have been increasingly targeted for carbon sequestration by afforestation, assuming large gains in soil organic carbon (SOC) with increasing tree cover. Because savanna SOC is also derived from grasses, this assumption may not reflect real changes in SOC under afforestation. However, the exact contribution of grasses to SOC and the changes in SOC with increasing tree cover remain poorly understood. Here the authors combine a case study from Kruger National Park, South Africa, with data synthesized from tropical savannas globally to show that grass-derived carbon constitutes more than half of total SOC to a soil depth of 1 m, even in soils directly under trees.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Luo et al. (2023): Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Lei Luo, Jiaxiao Wang, Jitao Lv, Zhengang Liu, Tianran Sun, Yi Yang, Yong-Guan Zhu IN: Environ. Sci. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02620

The authors identify five key issues closely related to the application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and review its outstanding advances. Specifically, the terms use of biochar, pyrochar, and hydrochar, the stability of biochar in soil, the effect of biochar on the flux and speciation changes of C in soil, the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by biochar production and soil application, and the application barriers of biochar in soil are expounded. By elaborating on these critical issues, the authors discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding and application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and provide outlooks for future research directions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Reynaert et al. (2023): Basalt addition improves the performance of young grassland monocultures under more persistent weather featuring longer dry and wet spells

Simon Reynaert, Arthur Vienne, Hans J De Boeck, Tommy D’Hose, Ivan Janssens, Ivan Nijs, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Erik Verbruggen, Sara Vicca, Sílvia Poblador IN: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 340, 109610, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109610

Tha authors investigated whether basalt addition could attenuate effects of increasingly persistent precipitation regimes (PR) on two agricultural grassland monocultures differing in drought resistance (low: Lolium perenne (LP) vs high: Festulolium (FL)) and digestibility (high: LP, low: FL), while improving soil C sequestration. In total, 32 experimental mesocosms were subjected to either a low (1-day wet/dry alternation) or a highly (30-day wet/dry alternation) persistent PR over 120 days, keeping total precipitation equal. In half of these mesocosms, the authors mixed basalt with the top 20 cm soil layer at a rate of 50 t ha−1.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Sharma et al. (2023): A critique of the effectiveness of biochar for managing soil health and soil biota

Saurabh Sharma, Manisha Negi, Uday Sharma, Pardeep Kumar, Anjali Chauhan, Shavnam, Vijeta Katoch, Rohit Sharma IN: Applied Soil Ecology 191, 105065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105065

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the different facets of biochar (BCH), including its potential positive and negative impacts on soil fertility, biology, and pathology. The incorporation of BCH in soil has been shown to boost plant growth, promote bacterial activity, and increase invertebrate populations. The specific type of BCH utilized, including the feedstock (FS) and pyrolysis temperature, in conjunction with pollutant concentrations, play a crucial role in determining the ultimate impact of this material on soil. Adverse effects of BCH on soil can manifest due to multiple factors, underscoring the need for meticulous and appropriate measures prior to its use in agriculture.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Almaraz et al. (2023): Soil carbon sequestration in global working lands as a gateway for negative emission technologies

Maya Almaraz, Maegen Simmonds, F. Garrett Boudinot, Alan V. Di Vittorio, Nina Bingham, Sat Darshan S. Khalsa, Steven Ostoja, Kate Scow, Andrew Jones, Iris Holzer, Erin Manaigo, Emily Geoghegan, Heath Goertzen, Whendee L. Silver IN: Global Change Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16884

Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices in working lands provide a low-tech and cost-effective means for removing CO2 from the atmosphere while also delivering co-benefits to people and ecosystems. The model estimates suggest that, assuming additive effects, the technical potential of combined SCS practices can provide 30%–70% of the carbon removal required by the Paris Climate Agreement if applied to 25%–50% of the available global land area, respectively. Herein, the authors present an argument for the immediate adoption of SCS practices in working lands and recommendations for improved implementation.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Vanderkloot & Ryan (2023): Quantifying the effect of grain size on weathering of basaltic powders: Implications for negative emission technologies via soil carbon sequestration

Elizabeth Vanderkloot, Peter Ryan IN: Applied Geochemisty, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105728

Weathering of basaltic powders was studied experimentally at 35 °C in dilute solutions of oxalic acid and carbonic acid to assess the effect of grain size and reactive surface area for materials under consideration for carbon dioxide reduction (CDR) by enhanced rock weathering (ERW). The basalts chosen for this study (with their mineralogical compositions) are the Blue Ridge (BR) meta-basalt (chlorite > epidote > plagioclase > actinolite) and Pioneer Valley (PV) basalt (plagioclase > augite > quartz > chlorite). Powders of BR and PV basalts were sieved into <45 μm, 45–150 μm, and >150 μm fractions, and experiments were performed in open-system reactors designed to simulate a 1 mm thick layer of basalt added to agricultural soil in the humid tropics.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Gaudaré et al. (2023): Soil organic carbon stocks potentially at risk of decline with organic farming expansion

Ulysse Gaudaré, Matthias Kuhnert, Pete Smith, Manuel Martin, Pietro Barbieri, Sylvain Pellerin, Thomas Nesme IN: Nat. Clim. Chang. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01721-5

Here the authors use a spatially explicit biogeochemical model to show that the complete conversion of global cropland to organic farming without the use of cover crops and plant residue (normative scenario) will result in a 40% reduction of global soil carbon input and 9% decline in SOC stock. An optimal organic scenario that supports widespread cover cropping and enhanced residue recycling will reduce global soil carbon input by 31%, and SOC can be preserved after 20 yr following conversion to organic farming.

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