Joseph, Stephen; et al. (2021): How biochar works, and when it doesn’t: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar
Joseph, Stephen; Cowie, Annette L.; van Zwieten, Lukas; Bolan, Nanthi; Budai, Alice; Buss, Wolfram et al. (2021): How biochar works, and when it doesn’t: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar. In GCB Bioenergy 755 (1), p. 142582. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12885.
„We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months).“