Kategorie: Peer-reviewed Publications

Peer-reviewed Publications

Science – Ramírez et al. (2025): Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) does not cause cellular stress in a phytoplankton community of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean

Librada Ramírez, Leonardo J. Pozzo-Pirotta, Aja Trebec, Víctor Manzanares-Vázquez, José L. Díez, Javier Arístegui, Ulf Riebesell, Stephen D. Archer and María Segovia IN: Biogeosciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1865-2025

A natural plankton community from oligotrophic subtropical waters of the Atlantic near Gran Canaria, Spain, was subjected to varying degrees of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) to assess the potential physiological effects in the context of the application of ocean carbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques. We employed nine mesocosms with sediment traps attached to the bottom, each enclosing a volume of 8.3 m3, to create a gradient in total alkalinity (TA). OAE was based on the addition of carbonates (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3). The lowest point on this gradient was 2400 µmol L−1, which corresponded to the natural alkalinity of the environment, and the highest point was 4800 µmol L−1.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Cormos (2025): Techno-economic and environmental life cycle analysis of renewable-based combined potassium – calcium looping cycle for direct air CO2 capture

Calin-Cristian Cormos IN: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116601

This work evaluates an innovative energy- and cost-efficient potassium – calcium looping cycle as a promising Direct Air CO2 Capture (DAC) technology. The potassium – calcium looping cycle is a reactive system which captures CO2 by a combination of liquid solvent and solid sorbent. The high temperature energy recovery capability of this system makes it very promising for an energy- and cost-efficient CO2 capture. To reduce the environmental impact, various renewable energy sources can be used to cover the required thermal duty, especially, the heat demand of the calcination reactor. The two investigated DAC concepts (fuelled by solar or biomass) are set to capture 1 Mt/y CO2 from air with about 75 % capture rate. The conceptual design, detailed process modelling and validation, followed by overall energy optimization, done by thermal integration analysis, were used to assess the key techno-economic and environmental performance indicators.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yao et al. (2025): Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany

W. Yao, T. M. Morganti, J. Wu, M. Borchers, A. Anschütz, L.‐K. Bednarz, K. A. Bhaumik, M. Böttcher, K. Burkhard, T. Cabus, A. S. Chua, I. Diercks, M. Esposito, M. Fink, M. Fouqueray, F. Gasanzade, S. Geilert, J. Hauck, F. Havermann, I. Hellige, S. Hoog, M. Jürchott, H. T. Kalapurakkal, J. Kemper, I. Kremin, I. Lange, J. M. Lencina‐Avila, M. Liadova, F. Liu, S. Mathesius, N. Mehendale, T. Nagwekar, M. Philippi, G. L. N. Luz, M. Ramasamy, F. Stahl, L. Tank, M.‐E. Vorrath, L. Westmark, H.‐W. Wey, R. Wollnik, M. Wölfelschneider, W. Bach, K. Bischof, M. Boersma, U. Daewel, M. Fernández‐Méndez, J. K. Geuer, D. P. Keller, A. Kopf, C. Merk, N. Moosdorf, N. Oppelt, A. Oschlies, J. Pongratz, A. Proelss, G. J. Rehder, L. Rüpke, N. Szarka, D. Thraen, K. Wallmann and N. Mengis IN: Earth’s Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF004902

In this work, the authors explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. They challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr−1, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. They focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, they describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems‘ sink capacity, and two employ geological off-shore storage.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Liu et al. (2025): Mineral‑fungal interactions in response to biochar amendment: implications for carbon storage in saline-alkali soil

Lu Liu, Mengmeng Chen, Jeroen Meersmans, Yuyi Li, Shirong Zhang and Xiaodong Ding IN: Plant and Soil, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07360-3

The interaction between fungal and minerals on organic carbon storage and stabilization with biochar application remains unclear in saline-alkaline soil. In the present research, this interaction has been studied by following 6 years treatments at an experimental farm: i) CK, without any fertilization; ii) NPK, only mineral fertilizer; iii) BC, 8.0 Mg ha−1 biochar-based NPK and iv) FeBC, 8.0 Mg ha−1 Fe modified biochar-based NPK, respectively.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Science – Sun et al. (2025): Long-term trends of streamwater chemistry in an agricultural watershed: Effects of anthropogenic and climatic factors

Fengchao Sun, Rob A. Rioux, William A. Miller-Brown, Bibek Shrestha, James B. Shanley, Noah J. Planavsky, Peter A. Raymond and James E. Saiers IN: Science of The Total Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179017

In this work, the authors investigated the effects of anthropogenic and climatic factors on long-term variations in the chemistry of a first-order stream draining an agricultural catchment nested within the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, USA. They observed statistically significant increases in alkalinity and the concentrations of calcium and magnesium over a 31-year period for which 17 years of measurements were available.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Gulde et al. (2025): Frameworks to assess climate change responses – A systematic analysis to enhance frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Removal

Felix Gulde, Maximilian Witting, Frederike Neuber, Christian Baatz and Matthias Garschagen IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adcad3

This study conducts a systematic literature review of assessment frameworks used for climate change responses, analyzing how they address what the authors identified as key requirements. By expanding the scope beyond CDR-specific assessment frameworks, they identify and derive valuable insights and approaches that can inform their refinement. Following a three-step approach, they first conducted a preceding scoping review to determine key requirements for holistic assessments. Second, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify a broad range of assessment frameworks for climate responses. Third, based on a qualitative content analysis we examined how these frameworks address the key requirements identified earlier.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Dörpmund (2025): Motivations and challenges for carbon dioxide removal development: empirical evidence from market practitioners

Felix Dörpmund IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adcad4

This study explores the role of private companies in shaping the early CDR innovation ecosystem by conducting interviews with senior practitioners (suppliers, purchasers / marketplaces, investors) actively involved in CDR markets. The author examines their motivations and challenges.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yao et al. (2025): Exploring Site-Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany

W. Yao, T. M. Morganti, J. Wu, M. Borchers, A. Anschütz, L.-K. Bednarz, K. A. Bhaumik, M. Böttcher, K. Burkhard, T. Cabus, A. S. Chua, I. Diercks, M. Esposito, M. Fink, M. Fouqueray, F. Gasanzade, S. Geilert, J. Hauck, F. Havermann, I. Hellige, S. Hoog, M. Jürchott, H. T. Kalapurakkal, J. Kemper, I. Kremin, I. Lange, J. M. Lencina-Avila, M. Liadova, F. Liu, S. Mathesius, N. Mehendale, T. Nagwekar, M. Philippi, G. L. N. Luz, M. Ramasamy, F. Stahl, L. Tank, M.-E. Vorrath, L. Westmark, H.-W. Wey, R. Wollnik, M. Wölfelschneider, W. Bach, K. Bischof, M. Boersma, U. Daewel, M. Fernández-Méndez, J. K. Geuer, D. P. Keller, A. Kopf, C. Merk, N. Moosdorf, N. Oppelt, A. Oschlies, J. Pongratz, A. Proelss, G. J. Rehder, L. Rüpke, N. Szarka, D. Thraen, K. Wallmann, N. Mengis IN: Earth’s Future, DOI: 10.1029/2024EF004902

Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site-specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. The authors challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr−1, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. They focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, they describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems‘ sink capacity, and two employ geological off-shore storage.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Baatz et al. (2025): A holistic assessment framework for marine carbon dioxide removal options

Christian Baatz, Lukas Tank, Lena-Katharina Bednarz, Miranda Boettcher, Teresa Maria Morganti, Lieske Voget- Kleschin, Tony Cabus, Erik van Doorn, Tabea Dorndorf, Felix Havermann, Wanda Holzhüter, David Peter Keller, Matthias Kreuzburg, Nele Matz-Lück, Nadine Mengis, Christine Merk, Yiannis Moustakis, Julia Pongratz, Hendrikje Wehnert, Wanxuan Yao and Gregor Rehder IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc93f

The authors present a novel assessment framework designed for mCDR options. The framework provides important conceptual advancements to existing frameworks currently used to assess climate options: It clearly distinguishes between and allows for the assessment of both the feasibility and desirability of mCDR options, it makes explicit the evaluative standards upon which the assessment is based and it separates the descriptive listing of information from the evaluation of said information. The assessment framework aims to advance the debate on what role mCDR can and should play in responding to the climate crisis by providing a tool for both policymakers and stakeholders to assess mCDR options in a transparent and comprehensive way.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Cormos (2025): Techno-economic and environmental life cycle analysis of renewable-based combined potassium – calcium looping cycle for direct air CO₂ capture

Calin-Cristian Cormos IN: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116601

The author evaluates an innovative energy- and cost-efficient potassium – calcium looping cycle as a promising Direct Air CO₂ Capture (DAC) technology. The potassium – calcium looping cycle is a reactive system which captures CO₂ by a combination of liquid solvent and solid sorbent. The high temperature energy recovery capability of this system makes it very promising for an energy- and cost-efficient CO₂ capture. To reduce the environmental impact, various renewable energy sources can be used to cover the required thermal duty, especially, the heat demand of the calcination reactor. The two investigated DAC concepts (fuelled by solar or biomass) are set to capture 1 Mt/y CO₂ from air with about 75 % capture rate. The conceptual design, detailed process modelling and validation, followed by overall energy optimization, done by thermal integration analysis, were used to assess the key techno-economic and environmental performance indicators.

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