Tag: CDR

Peer-reviewed Publications

Kravitz et al. (2026): Expert Perceptions of the Viability and Importance of Solar Geoengineering and Carbon Dioxide Removal in Addressing Climate Change: A Snapshot from India and the United States

Ben Kravitz, Landon Yoder, Sangeet Nepal, Nathaniel Geiger and Shahzeen Z. Attari, IN: Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su18125933

Given the enormous span of potential strategies to address climate change, it is difficult to build consensus on what to prioritize. In 2021, the authors conducted 63 semi-structured interviews with climate change experts in the U.S. (N = 33) and India (N = 30). Experts indicated how they would address climate change through mitigation, adaptation, carbon dioxide removal (CDR), and solar geoengineering (SG). The authors’ experts studied climate change from a variety of disciplines and were not necessarily subject matter experts in CDR or SG.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Luczak (2026): Concerns and Questions About Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies

Joshua Luczak, IN: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70063

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are increasingly positioned as essential tools for meeting global climate targets, yet their development and potential deployment raise a complex set of technical, moral, social, and political concerns and questions. These issues are often discussed in isolation, with technical and scientific debates proceeding independently of moral and sociopolitical scrutiny, and vice versa. This article offers an integrated review of CDR that brings these distinct concerns and questions together in one place. It notes scientific and technical challenges alongside moral, social, and political ones. By placing these issues together, the article provides a more complete picture for evaluating CDR research, development, and deployment.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Price (2026): Losing out in Land-Based Greenhouse Gas Removal – A critical justice perspective on biochar

Catherine Price, IN: Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal, https://doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v13i2.1892

Biochar is an emergent technology that is currently being investigated for its greenhouse gas removal potential at scale. This provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the potential injustices that may arise with biochar production and deployment so that these can be addressed. The author draws from original data collected in 2022-consisting of 37 semi-structured interviews with mostly UK-based stakeholders who have an interest or potential interest in biochar-supplemented with a document analysis. The paper uses the ‘multioptic vision’ model of who, what, and how to explore the potential injustices of biochar production and deployment.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Tvinnereim et al. (2026): Deliberative polling increases non-expert confidence in assessments about carbon dioxide removal technologies

Endre Tvinnereim, Gisle Andersen, Christine Merk, Marie Louise Ljones and Åsta Dyrnes Nordø, IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae61cf

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an important role in climate scenarios, and multiple CDR research and development efforts are ongoing. For instrumental, substantive and normative reasons, the public should be involved in decision-making related to CDR. They simulate a consultation process using online deliberation groups based on random draws from the Norwegian population, bookended by surveys.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Mei et al. (2025): Unraveling differential carbon sequestration pathways among growth, mortality, and recruitment pools in natural larch-birch mixed forests in Northeast China

Xuesong Mei, Zhaogang Liu, Lingbo Dong, IN: Forest Ecology and Management, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123021

Forest carbon sequestration processes are governed by complex interactions among multiple carbon pools. Elucidating the driving mechanisms of these processes is critical for optimizing carbon sequestration potential and mitigating global climate change. In this study, the authors systematically quantified the relative contributions of topographic, stand structural, soil physiochemical, and climatic factors to carbon sequestration across four functional pools: growth (GCS), recruitment (RCS), mortality (MCS), and total (TCS) carbon sequestration. Through stepwise regression analysis and structural equation modeling, they identified key determinants and their interactive effects on carbon sequestration processes based on 168 natural larch-birch mixed forests in northeast China that were collected from the seventh and eighth national forest resources inventories.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Kloesel et al. (2025): Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Removal toward Net-Zero: A Needed Change of Narrative

Katrina Kloesel, Vittoria Bolongaro, Paolo Gabrielli, Viola Becattini, Marco Mazzotti, IN: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00684

This work provides a simple physical framework to analyze the challenges related to achieving a net-zero carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission target, with a specific focus on CO₂ management solutions based on CO₂ capture and storage (CCS), biomass use with CCS, and direct air capture of CO₂ from the atmosphere with permanent storage. The framework is based on a simplified schematic of the Earth system, a simple mathematical model of such a system, and a graphical representation of it (called a scenario diagram), where the states of the Earth system can be mapped, from the net-positive world of today to any net-zero and net-negative future scenario.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Chlela & Selosse (2025): Life Cycle Assessment and System Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Addressing Challenges in Environmental Evaluation and Model Representation

Sophie Chlela & Sandrine Selosse, IN: Discover Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-025-00271-y

This review identifies key methodological issues in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for CDR, including inconsistent system boundaries, functional unit variations, and limited treatment of permanence and co-benefits.
This report highlights methodologies that can improve LCA for CDR such as consequential approaches that remain underutilized despite their value for assessing deployment effects. It recommends expanding LCA frameworks to reflect full supply-chain impacts, using consistent metrics such as permanent CO₂ removed. It also addresses the integration of LCA with system modeling to account for regional resource constraints, infrastructure dependencies, and long-term storage risks. The review provides a comparative assessment of integrated assessment models while underlining key limitations due to their structural aspects.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Lamb et al. (2025): How are oil and gas firms integrating carbon dioxide removal into their climate strategies?

William F. Lamb, Sean Low, Leo-Michael Gordon, Maisa Mattila, IN: Energy Research & Social Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104237

The authors question whether the oil and gas sector can be relied upon to take the lead in upscaling carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Analyzing the annual reports and sustainability documents published in 2024 by the 12 oil and gas firms that are part of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), the authors find that all firms maintain nominal net zero targets, but are vague on how they plan to scale CDR. Instead, CDR reporting is project-focused, anecdotal and combined piecemeal into an existing raft of initiatives and apparent investments into “climate solutions” consistent with the private sector turn towards environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and self-regulation. Afforestation/reforestation is the most commonly mentioned CDR approach in the guise of “nature-based solutions”, often signalling linkages to developing world projects, offsets, and carbon forestry. Certain firms emphasise direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS) and appear to seek a first-mover advantage in the context of reinforcing rather than diversifying fossil fuel extraction and production. The authors map this emerging integration of CDR onto the business and political strategies of oil and gas firms, and point to three possible “directions-of-travel” that firms might follow as discourse and policy on CDR develops.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Peng et al. (2025): Newly established forests dominated global carbon sequestration change induced by land cover conversions

Dailiang Peng, Bing Zhang, Shijun Zheng, Weimin Ju, Jing M. Chen, Philippe Ciais, Huadong Guo, Yuhao Pan, Le Yu, Yidi Xu, Bin Zhao, Jón Atli Benediktsson, Alfredo R. Huete, Zhou Shi, Yueming Hu, Liangyun Liu, Fang Chen, Miaogen Shen, Lei Huang & Xiaoyang Zhang, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61956-y

Land cover conversions (LCC) have substantially reshaped terrestrial carbon dynamics, yet their net impact on carbon sequestration remains uncertain. Here, the authors use the remote sensing-driven BEPS model and high-resolution HILDA+ data to quantify LCC-induced changes in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 1981 to 2019.

LINK

#
Peer-reviewed Publications

Liang et al. (2025): Response of terrestrial ecosystems carbon budget to large-scale direct CO₂ removal using Community Earth System Model

Lili Liang, Shijing Liang, Zhenzhong Zeng, Alan D. Ziegler, Yuntian Chen, Yiheng Tao, Yubin Jin, Dashan Wang, Tianhao Wu, Dongxiao Zhang, IN: The Innovation Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100150

The Earth’s terrestrial ecosystem is a critical carbon reservoir at risk of transitioning from carbon sinks to sources amidst large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies aimed at combating climate change. In this study, the authors use a fully coupled Earth system model to simulate atmospheric CO₂ concentrations dropping abruptly from current levels to the pre-industrial level.

LINK

#