Tag: CDR

Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Longman et al. (2025): Limited long-term cooling effects of Pangaean flood basalt weathering

Jack Longman, Benjamin J. W. Mills and Andrew S. Merdith, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59480–0

The emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is known to be a driver of climate change in Earth’s past. However, the balance of climate warming through CO₂ emission and cooling through weathering is poorly understood. To better understand the role of LIP emplacement on long-term climate change, here the authors utilize the SCION coupled climate-biogeochemical model which considers the impact of LIPs through degassing of CO₂ and enhancement of local continental weathering rates.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Rufer et al. (2025): Carbonate/Hydroxide Separation Boosts CO₂ Absorption Rate and Electrochemical Release Efficiency

Simon Rufer, Tal Joseph, Zara Aamer, Kripa K. Varanasi, IN: ACS Energy Letters, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00893

Electrochemical CO₂ capture systems using hydroxide solutions face stiff performance trade-offs, as the hydroxide ions necessary for rapid CO₂ absorption reduce the current efficiency of subsequent electrochemical CO₂ release. In this work, the authors propose a carbonate/hydroxide separation step between CO₂ absorption and release to provide a concentrated carbonate stream for efficient electrochemical release and a separate hydroxide stream for rapid absorption. They combine experiments on CO₂ absorption, nanofiltration separation, and electrochemical release to build a comprehensive model that illustrates system performance trade-offs.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Delmelle et al. (2025): Explosive volcanic eruptions can act as carbon sinks

Pierre Delmelle, Sébastien Biass, Mathilde Paque and Benjamin Lobet, IN: Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59692-4

Using field measurements, the authors demonstrate that single eruptions can bury substantial amounts of stable organic carbon in soils. They develop a modelling framework and estimate that, in Ecuador alone, at least 1.1 Pg C has been stored in volcanic soils repeatedly affected by tephra deposition during the Holocene. This stock of tephra-buried soil organic carbon exceeds the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the source eruptions.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nature – Kong & Li (2025): Spatio-temporal variations in carbon sources, sinks and footprints of cropland ecosystems in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain of China, 2013–2022

Jing Kong and Yisong Li, IN: Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98457-3

The development of green agriculture in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain is of vital importance. Nevertheless, there is a lack of attention to the dynamics of the carbon footprints of cropland. Hence, this study was conducted with the help of carbon emission coefficient method. It investigated the spatio-temporal variations of carbon sources, sinks and carbon footprints of cropland ecosystems in this plain from 2013 to 2022.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Ward et al. (2025): Techno-economic analysis of ocean iron fertilization

Callum Ward, Reinaldo Juan Lee Pereira, Spyros Foteinis and Phil Renforth IN: Frontiers in Climate, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1509367

This study provides an updated comprehensive framework for conducting techno-economic assessment (TEA) on novel carbon dioxide removal approaches. Specifically, the framework is applied to an ocean iron fertilization (OIF) deployment scenario in the Southern Ocean. The study investigates whether cost elements such as administrative and support labor are accurately included in standard methodologies and proposes solutions on how to characterize prospective cost elements and uncertainty in novel CDR TEA’s.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Felix Dörpmund (2025): Motivations and challenges for carbon dioxide removal development: empirical evidence from market practitioners

Felix Dörpmund IN: Environmental Research Letters, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/adcad4

The study explores the role of private companies in shaping the early CDR innovation ecosystem by conducting 79 interviews with senior practitioners (suppliers, purchasers / marketplaces, investors) actively involved in CDR markets. Examining their motivations, the author finds themes that range from personal upbringing and caring for the following generations, to being catalytic in the creation of a new industry. All motivations are grounded in the recognition of CDR as an important component of global climate change mitigation. Identified challenges stretch across the categories of technology, organizations, policy and regulation, ecosystem, finances, and the public eye. This presents a complex picture, as all actors seek to solve a multi-faceted, concurrent coordination and scaling problem while dealing with a challenging set of uncertainties.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Chela & Selosse (2025): The co-benefits of integrating carbon dioxide removal in the energy system: A review from the prism of natural climate solutions

Sophie Chlela, Sandrine Selosse IN: Science of The Total Environment, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179271

Climate change mitigation necessitates rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the removal of residual atmospheric CO2. However, among the solutions, Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) methods—especially Natural Climate Solutions (NCS)—are gaining attention. In this review, the authors explore how the energy system, a major contributor to climate change, can integrate these solutions. Thus, they present different Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) highlighting the role of Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) while determining their link to the energy system using biomass as renewable energy source through Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yao & Zhang (2025): Life Cycle Assessment in the Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification of Land-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Gaps and Opportunities

Yuan Yao, Bingquan Zhang IN: Environmental Science & Technology, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c09510

The paper examined recent Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols published by main carbon registries, focusing on four critical land-based CDR methods: bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage, biochar, enhanced rock weathering, and afforestation and reforestation. The authors compared the carbon accounting and environmental impact assessment methods employed in these LCA studies and MRV protocols to identify their methodological similarities and differences. The analysis of the paper reveals that the LCA community can support MRV protocols by providing critical insights into baselines, additionality, uncertainty, multifunctionality, environmental safeguards, holistic emission factors, and overlooked carbon pools.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Wey et al. (2026): CMIP6 Models agree on similar carbon cycle feedbacks between enhancing terrestrial and marine carbon sinks

Hao-Wei Wey, Yiannis Moustakis, Tobias Nützel, Andreas Oschlies, Jörg Schwinger, Tomohiro Hajima, Rosie Fisher, Tilo Ziehn, Spencer K Liddicoat, Tronje Peer Kemena IN: IOP Science, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/adc617

In this study, the authors compare two complementary approaches that enhance the terrestrial and marine carbon sinks with afforestation and reforestation (A/R) and ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), respectively, under the high emission scenario SSP5-8.5. Eight CMIP6 Earth system models are utilized, enabling a quantification of both inter-model and internal variability. By mid-century, simulated large-scale deployment of A/R and OAE individually reduces atmospheric CO₂ concentrations by up to 20 ppm. For both methods, while carbon removal from the atmosphere is robust, it is difficult to detect the effects on global mean temperature, posing challenges for monitoring, reporting and verification of mitigation efforts. To quantify the carbon cycle feedbacks, we define the carbon cycle feedback ratio of A/R (OAE) as the ratio of changes in the marine (terrestrial) sink to changes in the terrestrial (marine) sink.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Gaucher et al. (2025): Leveraging ecosystems responses to enhanced rock weathering in mitigation scenarios

Yann Gaucher, Katsumasa Tanaka, Daniel J. A. Johansson, Daniel S. Goll & Philippe Ciais IN: Nature Communications, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58284-6

The authors analyze the role of EW under cost-effective mitigation pathways, by including the CDR potential of basalt applications from silicate weathering (geochemical CDR) and enhanced ecosystem growth and carbon storage in response to phosphorus released by basalt (biotic CDR). Using an integrated carbon cycle, climate and energy system model, they show that the application of basalt to forests could triple the level of carbon sequestration induced by EW compared to an application restricted to croplands.

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