Schlagwort: Carbon Dioxide Removal

Peer-reviewed Publications

Shakouri Kalfati & Abdulla (2025): An open-source dynamic model for direct air capture of carbon dioxide using solid sorbents

Milad Shakouri Kalfati and Ahmed Abdulla, IN: Carbon Capture Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100516

Averting the worst consequences of climate change requires decarbonizing the global energy system and deploying carbon dioxide removal technologies, including the direct air capture of CO₂. To estimate the cost and performance of the latter technologies, climate and energy system analysts need numerical process models that are validated with experimental data. Existing process models often limit reconfiguration that accommodates different design choices or restrict modelling to steady-state conditions. However, ambient environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, pressure, and inlet CO₂ concentration vary, affecting capture. This study develops an open-source process model for direct air capture using solid sorbents. Starting from first principles, this model allows users to select facility sizes, sorbents, other design parameters, and locations to simulate the capture performance of a solid sorbent direct air capture plant. More importantly, users can incorporate climate data to determine site-specific performance. Here, model validation is presented for two cold-climate sorbents that are being proposed for nations in northern latitudes.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Kreuzburg et al. (2025): Hawaiian beaches as natural analogues for enhanced silicate weathering of olivine

Matthias Kreuzburg, Astrid Hylén, Devon B. Cole, Stephen J. Romaniello, Chandra W. Winardhi, Veerle Cnudde, Daniel A. Frick, Josephine Barnett, Kirsten E. P. Nicolaysen and Filip J. R. Meysman, IN: Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae130c

Silicate weathering induces atmospheric CO₂ sequestration through alkalinity release, which is Earth’s prime mechanism for regulating the climate. Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) seeks to accelerate this process by distributing fast-weathering silicate minerals like olivine in coastal environments, thus targeting deliberate carbon dioxide removal. However, the efficiency and environmental impact of mERW remain uncertain, as experimental studies are not capable of tracking the CO₂ sequestration rate and ecological effects over sufficiently long timescales. Natural coastal environments with olivine-rich sands enable insight into long-term weathering and may serve as analogues envisioned for mERW applications. Papakōlea Beach (Hawai‘i) is one of the few beaches across the world with olivine-rich sands (>80% by weight), thus providing a unique mERW analogue. The authors examined in situ weathering and biogeochemical cycling at Papakōlea as well as in the nearby mixed volcanic/coral sands of Richardson Ocean Park.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Flipkens et al. (2025): The carbon dioxide removal potential of cement and lime kiln dust via ocean alkalinity enhancement – Preprint

Gunter Flipkens, Greet Lembregts and Filip Meysman, IN: EGUSphere Preprints, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4887

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed method for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR), and involves the addition of alkaline minerals to surface waters to elevate seawater alkalinity and enhance atmospheric CO₂ storage. Cement kiln dust (CKD) and lime kiln dust (LKD) are alkaline side streams from the cement and lime industry that have OAE potential due to their widespread availability and fine particle size. Here, the authors evaluated the dissolution kinetics, CO₂ sequestration potential, and ecological risks of CKD and LKD by means of laboratory dissolution experiments.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Fetanat & Tayebi (2025): Evaluation of climate intervention technologies for sustaining cities close to oil and gas operations: A sustainability and feasibility-based decision support system under molecular fuzzy set

Abdolvahhab Fetanat and Mohsen Tayebi, IN: Process Safety and Environmental Protection, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.108031

As cities universally grapple with exacerbating challenges from environmental extremes such as wildfires, heat waves, air pollution, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, there is an urgent need for a decision support system (DSS) to provide actionable insights for policymakers and plan the mitigation of the adverse impacts of these extremes on communities. In this regard, climate intervention technologies are important and valuable technologies for sustaining cities under environmental extremes. Assessing these technologies for use as an optimal alternative is urgently needed in most of Iran’s southern regions due to the proximity of cities in these regions to oil, gas, and petrochemical systems. According to, in order to optimize the use of these technologies for the studied regions, an intelligent DSS based on a systematic model, namely the Delphi-fuzzy molecular ranking (DFMORAN) model is conducted by considering the sustainability and feasibility principles of different climate intervention technologies. For implementing the DEFMORAN model, ten climate intervention technologies consisting of 1) stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), 2) space-based geo-engineering (SBG), 3) marine cloud brightening (MCB), 4) direct air capture with carbon storage (DACCS), 5) enhanced weathering, 6) biochar, 7) afforestation and reforestation (AR), 8) bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), 9) soil carbon sequestration (SCS), 10) marine biomass and blue carbon (MBBC) are considered as decision-making alternatives. Also, an evaluation system containing 17 criteria-based sustainability and feasibility principles (economic, environmental, social, and feasibility aspects) is used.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Apeaning et al. (2025): Bridging the divide: How unequal carbon dioxide removal deployment threatens climate equity and global mitigation feasibility

Raphael Apeaning, Puneet Kamboj and Mohamad Issa Hejazi, IN: Smart and Sustainable Planet Change, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.012

The Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 °C, ideally 1.5 °C, places significant emphasis on Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies. However, the global landscape for CDR deployment remains uneven, with significant disparities in technological capacity, economic readiness, and regional ambition. This study investigates how limited access to CDR technologies could exacerbate global economic inequality under a 1.5 °C pathway. Using the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM v6.0), six scenarios ranging from unrestricted CDR availability to constrained deployment are evaluated.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Hickey et al. (2025): Carbon storage portfolios for the transition to net zero

Conor Hickey, Stuart Jenkins and Myles Allen, IN: Joule, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.10.011

Net-zero targets are widely adopted by companies and countries worldwide. To achieve these goals, more companies are investing in diverse carbon removal portfolios. This study develops a new risk management framework that combines forestry, biochar, and geological storage offsets into portfolios that could stabilize global temperatures over multi-century time periods.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Nisbet & van der Made (2025): Direct air capture of CO₂: an industrial perspective

Tim M Nisbet and Alexander W van der Made, IN: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2025.101190

Direct air capture (DAC) is a crucial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology for achieving net-zero emissions by balancing atmospheric CO₂ release with removal. It serves two key roles: (a) when integrated with Carbon Capture and Storage (DAC-CCS), it enables permanent CO₂ removal to offset emissions from hard-to-abate sources like aviation; and (b) when combined with Carbon Capture and Utilization (DAC-CCU), it provides non-fossil CO₂ for producing defossilized fuels and zero-carbon chemicals. To fulfill these roles, DAC systems must be scalable and economically viable. While academic studies often focus on assessing sorbent performance under a limited range of weather conditions and for limited periods, the authors advocate that industrial scale deployment demands DAC systems with additional key features.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Cunningham et al. (2025): Carbon dioxide removal during dissolution of granular basalt: A mass balance test of enhanced rock weathering at the hillslope scale

Charles J. Cunningham, Andrew Guertin, Marine Gelin, Louis A. Derry, Hannes H. Bauser, Minseok Kim, Jennifer L. Druhan, Scott Saleska, Peter A. Troch and Jon Chorover, IN: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119662

Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is proposed as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that sequesters carbon through the carbonic acid-promoted dissolution of ground silicate rocks. Studies have explored the efficacy of ERW through geochemical models and bench-scale reactors, but field-scale experimentation is limited. A year-long, replicated study was conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) at Biosphere 2 to quantify basaltic CDR at the hillslope scale. LEO comprises three mesoscale surfaces (each 330 m²) with 1 m depth of granular basalt. The authors subjected these structures to three 30 d irrigation events followed by progressively lengthened dry periods.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Apeaning et al. (2025): Bridging the divide: How unequal carbon dioxide removal deployment threatens climate equity and global mitigation feasibility

Raphael Apeaning, Puneet Kamboj and Mohamad Issa Hejazi, IN: Sustainable Production and Consumption, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.09.012

This study investigates how limited access to CDR technologies could exacerbate global economic inequality under a 1.5 °C pathway. Using the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM v6.0), six scenarios ranging from unrestricted CDR availability to constrained deployment are evaluated.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Hope & Vaughan (2025): Insights lost at points of vulnerability in UK policy evidence gathering on Carbon Dioxide Removal

Aimie L. B. Hope and Naomi Vaughan, IN: CDRxiv Preprint, https://doi.org/10.70212/cdrxiv.2025412.v1

The methods, quantity, and timing of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is impacted by, and has implications for, decarbonising energy, land use change, agriculture, the earth system response, and global society. Uncertainties in each plus the rapid development of CDR methods and policy, make decision-making challenging. Insights from the social sciences and humanities are underrepresented in CDR decision-making. Qualitative evidence and theoretical insights are challenging to synthesise with quantitative policy outputs and decision tools. Real-world complexities may therefore be missed from feasibility assessments and decision-making around CDR, with consequent risks to delivery. The authors focus on expert consultation procedures to identify points where real-world insights may be lost. The focus is non-statutory consultations with significant two-way dialogue and multiple stakeholders. Non-statutory processes are less scrutinised and more fluid, with greater scope for the quality of evidence to be impacted by institutional and human biases. Twenty-six semi-structured online interviews were conducted with individuals from NGOs, policy, industry, and academia who work on CDR and related areas. Interviews capture both inside (i.e., policymaker) and outside (i.e., stakeholder) perspectives on evidence gathering procedures.

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