Schlagwort: Solar Geoengineering

Peer-reviewed Publications

Kuswanto, Heri; et al. (2021): Impact of Solar Geoengineering on Temperatures over the Indonesian Maritime Continent

Kuswanto, Heri; Kravitz, Ben; Miftahurrohmah, Brina; Fauzi, Fatkhurokhman; Sopahaluwaken, Ardhasena; Moore, John (2021): Impact of Solar Geoengineering on Temperatures over the Indonesian Maritime Continent. In Int J Climatol. DOI: 10.1002/joc.7391.

„Climate change has been projected to increase the intensity and magnitude of extreme temperature in Indonesia. Solar radiation management (SRM) has been proposed as a strategy to temporarily combat global warming, buying time for negative emissions. Though the global impacts of SRM have been extensively studied in recent years, regional impacts, especially in the tropics, have received much less attention. This paper investigates the potential stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection (SAI) to modify mean and extreme temperature, as well as the relative humidity and wet bulb temperature (WBT) change over Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) based on simulations from three different earth system models. We applied a simple downscaling method and corrected the bias of model output to reproduce historical temperatures and relative humidity over IMC. We evaluated changes in Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment G4, an SAI experiment in 5 Tg of SO2 into the equatorial lower stratosphere between 2020 and 2069, concurrent with the RCP4.5 emissions scenario.“

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Tilmes, S.; et al. (2021): Sensitivity of total column ozone to stratospheric sulfur injection strategies

Tilmes, S.; Richter, J. H.; Kravitz, B.; MacMartin, D. G.; Glanville, A. S.; Visioni, D. et al. (2021): Sensitivity of total column ozone to stratospheric sulfur injection strategies. In Geophysical Research Letters. DOI: 10.1029/2021GL094058.

„We explore the impact of different stratospheric sulfur injection strategies to counter greenhouse gas induced warming on total column ozone (TCO), including high and low altitude injections at four latitudes, equatorial injections, and using a configuration with higher vertical resolution, based on a state-of-the-art Earth system model. The experiments maintain global surface temperatures at 2020 conditions, while following the unmitigated future scenario. Within the first ten years of the injection, we find an abrupt deepening of the Antarctic ozone hole by 8–20% and changes up to urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl63028:grl63028-math-00015% for other regions and seasons. The ozone hole recovery is delayed by urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl63028:grl63028-math-000225 to over 55 years, with the fastest recovery for low-altitude injections and slowest for equatorial injections. Mid to high-latitude TCO increases by urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl63028:grl63028-math-000315% in Northern Hemisphere winter and spring between 2010–2019 and 2080–2089 due to both increasing greenhouse gases and increasing sulfur injections. Implications for ecosystems need to be investigated.“

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Heyen, Daniel; Lehtomaa, Jere (2021): Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation

Heyen, Daniel; Lehtomaa, Jere (2021): Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation. In Oxford Open Climate Change. DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010.

„Climate interventions with solar geoengineering could reduce climate damages if deployed in a globally coordinated regime. In the absence of such a regime, however, strategic incentives of single actors might result in detrimental outcomes. A well-known concern is that a „free-driver“ (Weitzman 2015), the country with the strongest preference for cooling, might unilaterally set the global thermostat to its preferred level, thus imposing damages on others. Governance structures, i.e. more or less formal institutional arrangements between countries, could steer the decentralized geoengineering deployment towards the preferable global outcome. In this paper, we show that the coalition formation literature (an excellent summary is Ray [&] Vohra 2015) can make a valuable contribution to assessing the relative merit of different governance schemes.“

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Video

Video: CNBC: Why Bill Gates Is Funding Solar Geoengineering Research

„Fires burning across the Amazon rainforest have renewed the debate about solutions to climate change. Bill Gates is backing the first high-altitude experiment of one radical approach called solar geoengineering. It’s meant to mimic the effects of a giant volcanic eruption. Thousands of planes would fly at high altitudes, spraying millions of tons of particles around the planet to create a massive chemical cloud that would cool the surface. […] The technology is not far from being ready and it’s affordable, but it could cause massive changes in regional weather patterns and eradicate blue sky. […]Watch the video to learn how it would work and hear the debate around the ethics and efficacy of solar geoengineering.“

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Kravitz, Ben; Sikka, Tina (2021): Conducting more inclusive solar geoengineering research: A feminist science framework

Kravitz, Ben; Sikka, Tina (2021): Conducting more inclusive solar geoengineering research: A feminist science framework. In arXiv.org Physics and Society. Available online at https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04217.

„Solar geoengineering, or deliberate climate modification, has been receiving increased attention in recent years. Given the far-reaching consequences of any potential solar geoengineering deployments, it is prudent to identify inherent biases, blind spots, and other potential issues at all stages of the research process. Here we articulate a feminist science-based framework to concretely describe how solar geoengineering researchers can be more inclusive of different perspectives, in the process illuminating potential implicit bias and enhancing the conclusions that can be gained from their studies. Importantly, this framework is an adoptable method of practice that can be refined, with the aim of conducting better research in solar geoengineering. As an illustration, we retrospectively apply this framework to a well-read solar geoengineering study, improving transparency by revealing its implicit values, conclusions made from its evidence base, and the methodologies that study pursues. We conclude with a set of recommendations for the geoengineering research community whereby more inclusive research can become a regular part of practice. Throughout this process, we illustrate how feminist science scholars can use this approach to study climate modeling.“

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Media

The Hill: A realistic response to the climate wake-up call

„Leaders across the world raised the alarm in response to the latest assessment of climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Christiana Figueres, the former executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change said, ‚This is a massive wake-up call that is sounding yet another alarm bell.‘ Al Gore warned ‚There is no time left to waste,‘ and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said, ‚A code red for humanity.'“

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Bonou, Frederic; et al. (2021): Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols impacts on West African monsoon precipitation using GeoMIP Models

Bonou, Frederic; Da-Allada, Casimir Yelognisse; Baloïtcha, Ezinvi; Alamou, Eric; Biao, Eliezer Iboukoun; Zandagba, Josué et al. (2021): Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols impacts on West African monsoon precipitation using GeoMIP Models. In Earth and Space Science Open Archive. DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10507841.1.

„Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) is proposed to offset global warming; the use of this approach can impact the hydrological cycle. We use simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (G3 simulation) to analyze the impacts of SAG on precipitation (P) and to determine its responsible causes in West Africa and Sahel region.“

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Media

Arab News: Use science to find solutions for cutting carbon emissions

„This week climate events have made international events every day. On Sunday, Hurricane Ida slammed New Orleans depriving over 1 million homes of power. On Tuesday, New Delhi received the heaviest rainfall in over 12 years, recording 120 mm in 24 hours, almost 90 pc of total rain that normally falls in all of September. Barely a day later, New York and New Jersey saw the highest ever rain in a single day with nearly 210 mm tumbling in under 24 hours. Indeed, for well over a year, rarely a day has gone by, when an extreme weather event – a forest fire, severe drought, a hurricane or unprecedented rain has not made it to global news. In such a situation, it is not only normal or needed, but indeed critical that governments, companies and societies put their best minds and scientists to work to find solutions that help address climate change and global warming in a meaningful manner.“

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