CO₂-removal News

Peer-reviewed Publications

Buffi et al. (2024): Energy and GHG emissions assessment for biochar-enhanced advanced biofuels value chains

M. Buffi, O. Hurtig, M. Prussi, N. Scarlat, D. Chiaramonti IN: Energy Conversion and Management, 309, 118450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118450

The present study proposes an innovative approach, where carbon sequestration through biochar is obtained through the integration of slow pyrolysis with fast pyrolysis in decentralised biorefining systems, and then converted producing drop-in fuels from pyrolysis oil hydrotreating or gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The scope is either to achieve negative GHG emissions assigned to advanced biofuels, or to export the generated carbon credit for the carbon markets (i.e. outside the biofuels carbon intensity). The innovative concept entails process integration and optimisation for the different stages of biomass drying, conversion and upgrading into biofuels in a way to reduce fossil-based inputs, applying a full value chain approach. Methodological choices for the assumptions on life cycle emissions calculation are discussed, evaluating the environmental performances by comparing the new concept to traditional biofuels value chains. Using a tailored lifecycle accounting methodology, this paper demonstrates that high GHG emissions savings can be achieved. 

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Reports

Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) 2024-2044: Technologies, Players, Carbon Credit Markets, and Forecasts

Eve Pope, ITTechEx Research, April 2024

This report provides a comprehensive outlook of the emerging CDR industry and carbon credit markets, with an in-depth analysis of the technological, economic, regulatory, and environmental aspects that are shaping this market. In it, IDTechEx focuses on technologies that actively draw CO₂ from the atmosphere and sequester it into carbon sinks, namely: Direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), Biomass with carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) including approaches such as BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), biochar, biomass burial, and bio-oil underground injection, Land-based CDR methods, i.e. afforestation and reforestation and soil carbon sequestration techniques, Mineralization NETs that enhance natural mineral processes and Ocean-based CDR methods.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Iyer & Smith (2024): Impact of cement composition, brine concentration, diffusion rate, reaction rate and boundary condition on self-sealing predictions for cement-CO2 systems

Jaisree Iyer, Megan M. Smith IN: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 134, 104126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104126

Here the authors examine the sensitivity of our model, describing CO2 leakage through wellbores, to cement composition, brine concentration, diffusion rates, and reaction rates. They also evaluate the impact of the boundary condition to allow comparisons between observations from experiments performed at constant flow rate and model predictions made at constant pressure conditions. The results show that diffusion and reactions rates have the most impact on the self-sealing criteria for cement-CO2 systems. 

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Yang et al. (2024): Sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in coastal ecosystems: Quantification, analysis, and planning

Dingding Yang, Yujia Qin, Yuanrui Xu, Kexin Xing, Yujie Chen, Xiaoping Jia, Kathleen B. Aviso, Raymond R. Tan , Bohong Wang IN: Sustainable Production and Consumption, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.012

In this study, the Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) approach was applied to develop a method of comparing strategies for maximising CO2 sequestration while minimising the economic cost. The proposed method replaces the emission factors and carbon emissions in CEPA with the economic cost and carbon sequestration amount to better suit the objectives of this study. The proposed method was applied to a case study on the coastal areas of Hainan Island in China.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Tiwari et al. (2024): Emerging bio-capture strategies for greenhouse gas reduction: Navigating challenges towards carbon neutrality

Tanmay Tiwari, Gun Anit Kaur, Pravin Kumar Singh, Sapna Balayan, Anshuman Mishra, Ashutosh Tiwari IN: Science of The Total Environment, 929, 172433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172433

This review emphasizes the recent advancements in bio-capture techniques, showcasing them as dependable and economical solutions for carbon neutrality. The article briefly outlines various bio-capture methods and underscores their potential for industrial application. Moreover, it investigates into the challenges faced when integrating bio-capture with carbon capture and storage technology. The study concludes by exploring the recent trends and prospective enhancements in ecosystem revitalization and industrial decarbonization through green conversion techniques, reinforcing the path towards carbon neutrality.

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Media

Removals are better than some reductions – The case of electrofuels for aviation

by Robert Höglund on Marginal Carbon, April 22, 2024

„In this post, we compare the costs of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) with the cost of the combination of continued use of fossil jet fuel (BAU) with Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) to remove the carbon emitted in burning the fossil jet fuel. We analyze electrofuels, a form of synthetic jet fuel made with hydrogen and captured CO₂ from the atmosphere, and also compare the cost to various biofuels. „

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Li et al. (2024): Carbon removal, sequestration and release by mariculture in an important aquaculture area, China

Wei Li, Xu Li, Chi Song, Guang Gao IN: Science of The Total Environment 927, 172272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172272

In this paper, carbon removal, release and sequestration by maricultured seaweeds, shellfish and fish in Shandong Province during 2003–2022 were assessed using a comprehensive method that considers the processes of biological metabolism, seawater chemistry and carbon footprint.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

López et al. (2024): Indoor CO2 direct air capture and utilization: Key strategies towards carbon neutrality

L.R. López, P. Dessì, A. Cabrera-Codony, L. Rocha-Melogno, N.J.R. Kraakman, M.D. Balaguer, S. Puig IN: Cleaner Engineering and Technology 20, 100746, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100746

One application of DAC is indoor CO2 direct air capture (iCO2-DAC). A wide range of materials with unique properties for CO2 capture have been investigated, including porous materials, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks. This review article highlights the importance of iCO2-DAC to improve indoor air quality in buildings and boost the circular economy. It discusses the available carbon capture technologies and materials, discussing their properties and focusing on those potentially applicable to indoor environments.

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Peer-reviewed Publications

Salekin et al. (2024): Carbon sequestration potential of plantation forests in New Zealand – no single tree species is universally best

Serajis Salekin, Yvette L. Dickinson, Mark Bloomberg, Dean F. Meason IN: Carbon Balance and Management 19, 11, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-024-00257-1

Plantation forests are a nature-based solution to sequester atmospheric carbon and, therefore, mitigate anthropogenic climate change. The choice of tree species for afforestation is subject to debate within New Zealand. Two key issues are whether to use (1) exotic plantation species versus indigenous forest species and (2) fast growing short-rotation species versus slower growing species. In addition, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about the carbon sequestration capabilities of different plantation tree species, which hinders the choice of species for optimal carbon sequestration. This paper contributes to this discussion by simulating carbon sequestration of five plantation forest species, Pinus radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Eucalyptus fastigata, Sequoia sempervirens and Podocarpus totara, across three sites and two silvicultural regimes by using the 3-PG an ecophysiological model.

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